Counseling Theory And Methods Of A Counselor - 815 Words

Counseling Theory and Methods II- Case Study As a potential counselor, one must commit 700 hours of practicum/internship hours in order to complete the Counseling Psychology M.A program. During this internship process, a counselor will have to cultivate many case conceptualization to help their clients. By creating case conceptualizations, not only will it be the foundation for a treatment plan for the client, but it will encourage self-growth for the counselor as well. As each therapist has their own preference of conceptualizations, this specific case conceptualization will focus on the client’s identifying information, counselor’s choice of evidence-based practice, health symptoms and signs of psychopathology, interventions, level of attachment style, and the main role of the therapist. Identifying Information Carla Rivers is a 38 year old Caucasian, heterosexual, married, raped survivor female. Along with being married for 14 years, she is a mother of three children and is a practicing Christian. While she is a stay home mom, she is active in educational and religious commitments. It is noteworthy to indicate Carla does not have any hobbies nor have close social/friendships. Furthermore, Carla’s physical appearance seems well-groomed, ordinary and simple. For the most part Carla is physically healthy besides dealing with an intestinal disorder. From a mental health standpoint, the quality of Carla’s speech was within normal limits, attention and cognitive functioningShow MoreRelatedMental Health Counseling Essay example828 Words   |  4 PagesTheories play an important role in how a counselor serves their clients. Theories provide counselors with a foundation on which to build their counseling style. â€Å"Theories ground us as professional counselors. 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His approach to integration is filled with helpful guidance for any counselor striving to strike the appropriate balance in their sessions. McMinn divulges into how and when to use scripture, prayer, confession and redemption. He advocates for utilizing these methods on a case by cases basis to ensure the client’sRead MoreEffective Biblical Counseling : A Model For Helping Caring Christians Become Capable Counselors By Crabb Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesComparison Paper September 11, 2016 ABSTRACT In this paper, the student-writer will discuss the methods that are taught in In Effective biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors by Crabb (1977). 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Finally, the importance of counseling program accreditation will be examined. Consultation Consultation in the counseling profession is when a counselor meets with one or more professionals to improve their performance with clients (Neukrug, 2016). The consultant has a direct impact on the consultees and an indirect impact on a third partyRead MoreWhat You Need To Know About School Counseling. Brett Smith.1707 Words   |  7 Pages What You Need to Know About School Counseling Brett Smith Limestone College Introduction to Counseling Ms. Deal February 19, 2017 Abstract This paper explores the main characteristics of the school counseling career. To understand school counseling its history must be visited when it began in the 1800’s. This paper goes through the steps of licensure, education requirements, and typical therapy techniques adopted by today’s school counselors. To fully understand how to be the best atRead MorePersonal Experience Receiving Therapeutic Counseling889 Words   |  4 Pagesas well as personal experience receiving therapeutic counseling have given me a broad-based set of beliefs about what motivates individuals. I have determined that each individual comes with a unique context and narrative and that my role is to facilitate a client’s self-determination and decision-making by developing a positive relationship that allows the client freedom to take risks or make informed choices. Also I believe that the counselor creates the trusting relationship where poor choices

Independence and the Development of the American Identity...

During the 1800s, we find the theme of independence, or freedom from outside constraints, in the development of two different frontiers. We find it in the American West through Manifest Destiny, freedom from caste, and in the chance that homesteaders had to acquire virtually free land. We find independence in math through in the building of stronger theoretical foundations, non-Euclidean geometries, and Cantors infinities. Independence involves breaking from the commonly accepted, traditional views in order to explore the new. It is not necessarily individual people working alone. We can see independence in a community of thought as well as in the work of a single person. Independence is an important part of the Western culture as†¦show more content†¦In the 1880s, Hulda Rocell and her daughter Mary emigrated from Sweden to the United States. Abe Lincoln had just been shot. Mr. Rocell had to stay in Sweden because of his tuberculosis. Nevertheless, Mr. Rocell said, Go to the United States. It is strong enough that Lincolns assassination will not plummet the nation into chaos. Although he did not place this optimism under the title of Manifest Destiny, the idea that the United States is strong, and will continue despite opposition, is a part of this concept. Hulda married, and her family settled in a sod house in northern Minnesota. Her husband showed independence and determination for the family to survive by planting fruit trees on the farm. It was highly unusual to attempt to plant fruit trees that far north. The familys independent spirit, and courage was a vital part of surviving in the harsh conditions they encountered. In 1881, there was a terrible blizzard. The snow was so high that it covered the fence posts. Father tied a rope around his waist and the porch post to tend the animals in a nearby shed, so that he would not get lost in the blizzard. However, many neighbors froze to death right outside their own front doors. During the storm, the wind blew the door of the sod house open. The younger children got in the trundle bed to keep warm, while the parents and older children shoveled snow out of the house for the rest of the day, so that they could shut the

Ginnys Restaurant free essay sample

|Financial Management | |Ginny’s Restaurant | |Case study answers | | | | | | | | | | | Question 1 a. Virginia’s current wealth = Virginia’s cash flow today + Present value of Virginia’s cash flow in 1 year Virginia’s current wealth = $2million + $2. 83 million = $4. 83 million b. Assuming, Virginia has no other source of incoming cash flow; her current liquidity is $2 million. She can spend and consume $2 million today. c. Money Virginia can spend and consume one year from now if she consumes nothing today = Future value of $2 million in one year + Cash flow received in one year’s time Therefore, Money Virginia can spend and consume in one year from now: = $2. 8 million + $3 million = $5. 12 million Question 2 a. Assuming, whatever money is not invested in Ginny’s restaurant is invested in the bank. |Investment |Investment (Bank) |Future cash flow from |Future value of |Total Future value of the| |(Restaurant) | |investment (after 1 year) |investment in Bank |entir e investment | |$1,000,000. 00 |$3,000,000. 00 | $1,800,000. 00 | $3,180,000. 00 | $4,980,000. 00 | |$2,000,000. 00 |$2,000,000. 00 | $3,300,000. 0 | $2,120,000. 00 | $5,420,000. 00 | |$3,000,000. 00 |$1,000,000. 00 | $4,400,000. 00 | $1,060,000. 00 | $5,460,000. 00 | |$4,000,000. 00 | $0 | $5,400,000. 00 | $0 | $5,400,000. 00 | b. Virginia’s Ginny’s current wealth is million. After the investment of $3 million in the restaurant, Virginia’s wealth increases by $1,150,943. 40. This means her wealth is $4,150,943. 40 in present value terms and $5,460,000 in future value terms. Question 3 Assuming, that if Virginia goes ahead with her investment in Ginny’s restaurant and also wishes to consume $3. 8 million the only source of extra cash is the bank. The bank is willing to loan money at an interest rate of 6% per year. |Money Virginia consume now | $ 3,800,000. 00 | |Cash flow today | $ 4,000,000. 00 | |Money remaining after consumption | $ 200,000. 00 | Investment (Restaurant) |Extra money required after|Payment to the bank in 1 year|Future cash flow from |Net wealth after bank | | |consumption (Bank loan) | |investment (after 1 year) |loan payments (after 1 | | | |(6% interest) | |year) | | $1,000,000. 00 | $800,000. 00 | $848,000. 00 | $1,800,000. 00 | $952,000. 00 | | $2,000,000. 00 | $1,800,000. 0 |$1,908,000. 00 | $3,300,000. 00 | $1,392,000. 00 | | $3,000,000. 00 | $2,800,000. 00 | $2,968,000. 00 | $4,400,000. 00 | $1,432,000. 00 | | $4,000,000. 00 | $3,800,000. 00 | $4,028,000. 00 | $5,400,000. 00 | $1,372,000. 00 | Based on the above calculations, if Virginia goes ahead with any of the investment choices she will have a positive net wealth in 1 year time. Hence, she can consume $3. 8 million now. Question 4 Assuming, the bank loan is compounded annually and payment is made at the end of the year. |Bank loan |Payment to bank in 1 year (6% |Future cash flow from |Net wealth after bank loan | | |interest) |investment |payments) | |$1,000,000 |$1,060,000. 00 |$1,800,000 |$740,000. 00 | |$2,000,000 |$2,120,000. 00 |$3,300,000 |$1,180,000. 0 | |$3,000,000 |$3,180,000. 00 |$4,400,000 |$1,220,000. 00 | |$4,000,000 |$4,240,000. 00 |$5,400,000 |$1,160,000. 00 | Virginia should make an investment of $3 million in Ginny’s restaurant. This investment will generated the largest value of net wealth in 1 yea r time. Question 5 Assumption: An investment on a portion or whole of $4 million has to be made. Spenders have a higher preference for current consumption. They would want more money in present value terms to be able to spend. Savers have a higher preference to save for the future. They would want more money in future value terms. Based on the above, the investment of $3 million in the restaurant has the highest payoff in present value terms and future value terms. There is a higher probability of spenders and savers agreeing to an investment of $3 million. If there is a investment made for $3million out of four in Ginis restraunt, one million will be left for distribution as dividents to the shareholders. The net presnet value of the three million invested is nearly $1. 4 million. Therefore in terms of savers this will be a good deal because they would be able to save nealy as much as consumers will consume in todays dollars. This will be a perfect tradeoff between the two parties. An investment of $3 million in the restaurant leaves $1 million for distribution as dividends to shareholders. This works for spenders as they get a part of $1 million to spend/consume today. The Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment of $3 million in the restaurant is $1. 4 million. This is the best possible investment option out of the four options provided. This works for Savers as they have more money saved.

Springboard Level 5 Unit 2 Embedded Assessment 1 Essay Example

Springboard Level 5 Unit 2 Embedded Assessment 1 Essay In Bend it Like Beckham, the main character, Jess is faced with many cultures. These cultures pull her mind in two opposite directions. One by pleasing her mom and becoming a Punjabi women and the other being a good soccer player. The movie follows her internal and external conflicts, where she struggles to make a decision regarding her life. Jess struggles between these two conflicts and is very emotional through the whole movie. Additionally, one of the main conflicts that Jess faces is her goals and aspirations versus her family’s expectations. Jess love of her life is soccer, she does anything to play, and once she is given the chance to play competitively she comes to see her true skills. Jess realizes that she has the talent to be a professional football player, and wants to do everything she can to secure this chance. The other side of this conflict is that of her family’s expectations. Due to their cultural background, they oppose Jess’ desire to play football. In Punjabi culture, women are confined to their home the majority of their time. They learn to cook and manage the household. We will write a custom essay sample on Springboard Level 5 Unit 2 Embedded Assessment 1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Springboard Level 5 Unit 2 Embedded Assessment 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Springboard Level 5 Unit 2 Embedded Assessment 1 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Once a woman comes of age, her only duty is to find a suitable husband. Her parents share all these ideals and enforce strict control over their daughter so that she does not play soccer. While the parents reasoning may seem strange to outsiders, these gender roles are clearly identified in Punjabi culture. Jess feels torn because she doesn’t like lying to her family and rebelling against their decisions, but she also doesn’t want to miss out on the chance of a lifetime with her exquisite soccer skill set. Last of all, Jess is able to resolve the conflict with her family after attempting many different resolutions. After presenting logical arguments to her parents, they still don’t budge. Her gay friend is willing to pretend to marry her so that she can go to a university in the United States to play football. Jess, disapproves of lying to her parents again, and lets the truth spill to her mother. She explains her talent, that she was being scouted, and that she truly desires to play football. Her mother still disapproves and only reluctantly agrees after a persuasive argument from her husband. They come to see that having their daughter happy is more important to them rather than forcing her to live in a culture she is not happy in. The conflict is finally resolved when she receives her parent’s blessings to go to America and pursue her dreams. All in all, Bend It like Beckham is a perfect example of a child’s expectations versus family and cultural expectations. Jess plays the role of the rebellious girl pursuing her goals, and her family plays the role of strict and old culturally sound ways. Their conflict is resolved and both sides learn from the struggle and accept each other’s thoughts and ideas.

German Writers Every German Learner Should Know

German Writers Every German Learner Should Know What is it that your German teacher always says? If you can’t speak, then read, read and read! Reading will help you tremendously in improving your language skills. And once you are able to read some of the great writers of German literature, you will understand German thought and culture more in depth. In my opinion, reading a translated work never equals the original in the language it was written in. Here are a few German writers that have been translated in numerous languages and that have influenced people all over the world. Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805) Schiller was one of the most influential German poets of the Sturm und Drang era. He ranks high up in German people’s eyes, alongside with Goethe. There’s even a monument depicting them side by side in Weimar. Schiller was successful in his writing from his very first publication on - Die Ruber (The Robbers) was a play written while he was at a military academy and quickly became renowed thoughout Europe. Initially Schiller had first studied to become a pastor, then became a regimental doctor for a short period, before finally devoting himself to writing and teaching as a professor of history and philosophy at the University of Jena. Later moving to Weimar, he founded with Goethe Das Weimar Theater, a leading theatre company at the time. Schiller became part of a German Enlightment period, die Weimarer Klassik (the Weimar Classism), later on in his life, of which also famous writers such as Goethe, Herder and Wielandt were a part. They wrote and philosiphized about aesthetics and ethics, Schiller having penned an influential work entitled ÃÅ"ber die sthetische Erziehung des Menschen On the Aesthetic Education of Man. Beethoven famously set Schillers poem Ode to Joy in his ninth symphony.   Gnther Grass (1927) Gunter Grass is one of Germany’s most notable writers currently living, whose work has garnered him a Nobel Prize of Literature. His most renowned work is his Danzig Trilogy Die Blechtrommel (The Tindrum), Katz und Maus (Cat and Mouse), Hundejahre (Dog Years), as well as his most recent one Im Krebsgang (Crabwalk). Born in the Free City of Danzig Grass has worn many hats: he’s been also a sculptor, graphic artist and illustrator. Further, throughout his life, Grass has always been outspoken about European political affairs, receiving the2012 European of the Year award from the European Movement Denmark . In 2006 Grass has received much attention from the media involving his participation in the Waffen SS as a teenager. He has also recently voiced his disapproval of facebook and other social media, stating that â€Å"anybody who has 500 friends, has no friends.† Wilhelm Busch (1832-1908) Wilhelm Busch is known as a pioneer of the comic strip, due to his caricature drawings that accompanied his verse. Among his most popular works are Max and Moritz, a children’s classic that recount the mischievous pranks of the aforesaid boys, a ballad that is often read and dramatized in German schools.Most of Busch’s works are a satirical spin on practically everything in society! His works were often a parody of double standards. He poked fun at the ignorance of the poor, the snobbery of the rich, and in particular, the pomposity of clergymen. Busch was anti-Catholic and some of his works greatly reflected this . Scenes such as in Die fromme Helene, where it is hinted that the married Helene had an affair with a clergy man or the scene in Der Heilige Antonius von Padua where the catholic Saint Antonius is being seduced by the devil clad in ballet attire made these works by Busch both popular and offensive. Due to such and similar scenes, the book Der Heilige Antonius von Padua was banned from Austria until 1902. Heinrich Heine (1797-1856) Heinrich Heine was one of the most influential German poets in the 19th century that German authorities tried to suppress because of his radical political views. He is also known for his lyrical prose which was set to music of classical greats such as Schumann, Schubert and Mendelssohn in the form of Lieder form. Heinrich Heine, a jew by birth, was born in Dà ¼sseldorf, Germany and was known as Harry until he converted to Christianity when he was in his twenties. In his work, Heine often ridiculed sappy romanticism and over exuberant portrayals of nature. Though Heine loved his German roots, he often critiqued Germanys contrasting sense of nationalism.

Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning After reading her poems for the first time, Robert wrote to her: I love your verses with all my heart, dear Miss Barrett- I do, as I say, love these verses with all my heart. With that first meeting of hearts and minds, a love affair would blossom between the two. Elizabeth told Mrs. Martin that she was getting deeper and deeper into correspondence with Robert Browning, poet, and mystic; and we are growing to be the truest of friends. During the 20 months of their courtship, the couple exchanged nearly 600 letters. But what is love without obstacles and hardships? As Frederic Kenyon writes, Mr. Browning knew that he was asking to be allowed to take charge of an invalids life- believed indeed that she was even worse than was really the case, and that she was hopelessly incapacitated from ever standing on her feet- -but was sure enough of his love to regard that as no obstacle. The Bonds of Marriage Their subsequent marriage was a secret matter, taking place on September 12, 1846, at Marylebone Church. Most of her family members eventually accepted the match, but her father disowned her, would not open her letters, and refused to see her. Elizabeth stood by her husband, and she credited him with  saving her life. She wrote to Mrs. Martin: I admire such qualities as he has- fortitude, integrity. I loved him for his courage in adverse circumstances which were yet felt by him more literally than I could feel them. Always he has had the greatest power over my heart because I am of those weak women who reverence strong men. Out of their courtship and those early days of marriage came an outpouring of poetic expression. Elizabeth finally gave her little packet of sonnets to her husband, who could not keep them to himself. I dared not, he said, reserve to myself the finest sonnets written in any language since Shakespeares. The collection finally appeared in 1850 as Sonnets from the Portuguese. Kenyon writes, With the single exception of Rossetti, no modern English poet has written of love with such genius, such beauty, and such sincerity, as the two who gave the most beautiful example of it in their own lives. The Brownings lived in Italy for the next 15 years of their lives, until Elizabeth died in Roberts arms on June 29, 1861. It was while they were living there in Italy that they both wrote some of their most memorable poems. Love Letters The romance between Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett is legendary. Heres the first letter that Robert Browning sent to Elizabeth, who would eventually become his wife.   January 10th, 1845New Cross, Hatcham, SurreyI love your verses with all my heart, dear Miss Barrett,and this is no off-hand complimentary letter that I shall write,whatever else, no prompt matter-of-course recognition of your genius and there a graceful and natural end of the thing: since the day last week when I first read your poems, I quite laugh to remember how I have been turning again in my mind what I should be able to tell you of their effect upon mefor in the first flush of delight I  thought  I would this once get out of my habit of purely passive enjoyment, when I do really enjoy, and thoroughly justify my admirationperhaps even, as a loyal fellow-craftsman should, try and find fault and do you some little good to be proud of herafter!but nothing comes of it allso into me has it gone, and part of me has it become, this great living poetry of yours, not a flower of which but took root and grew... oh, how different that is from lying to be dried and pressed flat and priz ed highly and put in a book with a proper account at bottom, and shut up and put away... and the book called a Flora, besides! After all, I need not give up the thought of doing that, too, in time; because even now, talking with whoever is worthy, I can give reason for my faith in one and another excellence, the fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and true new brave thoughtbut in this addressing myself to you, your own self, and for the first time, my feeling rises  altogether. I do, as I say, love these Books with all my heart and I love you too: do you know I was once seeing you? Mr. Kenyon said to me one morning would you like to see Miss Barrett?then he went to announce me,then he returned... you were too unwell and now it is years agoand I feel as at some  untoward  passage in my travelsas if I had been close, so close, to some  worlds wonder  in chapel on crypt,... only a screen to push and I might have entered but there was some slight ... so it now seems... slight and just-sufficient bar to  admission and the half-opened door shut, and I went home my thousands of miles, and the sight was never to be!Well, these Poems were to beand this true thankful joy and pride with which I feel myself. Yours ever faithfully Robert Browning

Personal reflective ( Critical perspectives in Global Management) Coursework

Personal reflective ( Critical perspectives in Global Management) - Coursework Example Volkswagen is a company that that had almost disappeared to obscurity in the early 1990s when Mr. Piech took over as the CEO, however through his leadership and management skills, the company has enjoyed sustained growth and development into the greatest European car manufacturer with expanded markets and a variety of products that respond to the needs of customers. The main issue here is that the former CEO Mr. Piech who has now retired upstairs to chair the supervisory board exhibited an authoritarian and autocratic form of leadership which is not characteristic of most modern organizations; as a result workers have little voice in the strategy and operations of the company. even though a new CEO in the shape of Mr. Bernd Pischetsieder has taken over, the main fear is that the former CEO has sufficient personal power to continue controlling most aspects of Volkwagen’s organization from outside, this raises fears of intransigence in terms of organizational operations. Obvious ly, most workers would like more space and ideological input in the operations of the company. ... Piech. It is clear that the former CEO appreciated discipline, authority, and unity of command with him being the major center of the last two. This indicates a distrust of other people’s leadership and a sense of authoritarianism. Max Weber’s bureaucracy also comes out clearly in the operations of Volkswagen with the former CEO appearing as a leader who ensured that every process and decision followed a clearly set path. This is clear in the fear that decision making will always be pushed upwards. Within the contingency theory, it is clear that Volkswagen under Peuch, was a company largely built around mechanistic structures characterized by centralization, strict division of labor, vertical communication, and low trust (Burns and Stalker, 1961). This is a system that current members of the organization fear will be continued under the new CEO, who has largely been groomed by the former CEO and that it will eventually be detrimental to the organization. There are a num ber of problems that can be identified in the Volkswagen case. The first and most clear of all is the problem around leadership and motivation. It is clear that although under the autocratic leadership of the former CEO the company flourished, many of the workers especially in the managerial level expected a new style of leadership synonymous with global trends that would afford them more input into the running of the company and its development to new heights. However, with the presence of the former CEO still looming large and the new CEO most likely to work under the guidance of Mr. Piech, distrust and lack of confidence has cropped up. This may affect morale and performance. On the face of it, the problem is intransigence, with organizational members having the feeling that things may

Social Systems Change as Possible Solution to Information Overload in Essay

Social Systems Change as Possible Solution to Information Overload in Organizations - Essay Example On a daily basis, the generated information can take an average person weeks or even months to ingest through reading, listening, or viewing (Becker, 2008). Information overload is undoubtedly one of the greatest challenges that the modern society has to grapple with especially with the rapid advancement of technology. The information overload does affect people not only at the individual level, but the impact has also penetrated into the corporate world where it is the current major enemy to the efficient production within many organizations. A lot of organizations claim that due to information overload, they have experienced decreased productivity and the general reduction in efficiency of many employees. Indeed, technology is the main cause of information overload as in the ancient days when technology was still low, the rate of information overload was relatively low as compared to modern times. This is because technology advancements generate more information to people, which ma y affect them negatively if not well managed (Becker, 2008). With many organizations suffering from the impact of information overload on their highly esteemed employees, a number of them have taken measures in order to deal with the menace in a rational and logical manner. It is only through organizations implementing radical changes in their social systems that they will be able to find both short-term and long-term solutions to the negative impacts of information overload. ... Therefore, organizations ought to implement changes in their social systems if they are to mitigate the effects of information overload (Strother, Ulijn, & Fazal, 2012). The Merits of Social Systems Change in Solving Information Overload Although the benefits that come with technological advancements are good to any organization or nation, the information overload that comes with technology is detrimental to both the personal and organizational growth. The negative impacts of information overload include reduced overall performance, fatigue, incompetence, laziness, forgetfulness, and the inability to make sound decisions especially during critical situations. This problem has gradually developed over time and is now the epidemic that troubles many corporates. Recognizing the fact that human beings are not the objects of information overload by rather the subjects, organizations should make overhauls that affect the operations of their employees. This is so, because no one can reverse technological advancements, but one can mold a human character to fit in given situations and circumstance in order to negate the effects of information overload (Strother, Ulijn, & Fazal, 2012). One of the major reasons why organizations should go for the social systems change in curbing information overload is that the impact of information overload is more or less social in nature. Some of the adverse effects of information overload include poor performance at work, increased health risks of the individuals, and breakdown or reduced vigor in social relationships. As seen, these effect rest directly upon the subjects of information overload as the object that include technology does not have a direct part to play, but it

Lord Liverpool’s Government Essay Example for Free

Lord Liverpool’s Government Essay Liverpool faced many economic and financial problems, as well as some political problems. Some of these problems included national debt, unemployment, wars with France and America and popular protest groups. Each of these factors also contributed to the popular unrest which occurred during this period. Liverpool was highly effective in defeating Napoleon and also in dealing with protest groups. Additionally he was also successful in bringing about some economic prosperity as well as reducing the deficit. However he was least effective in gaining the support of Prince Regent. Liverpool was most successful in winning the war with Napoleon in 1815. Liverpool had been the only person which had been able to defeat Napoleon to date which consequently made him seem unbeatable. During the war Napoleon implemented an ‘economic blockade’. In response the British tried to stop America from trading with certain countries, this hardened American opinion of the British and they now wanted independence. This eventually led to another war, however this was resolved in a few years. Liverpool’s military success led to him gaining much support and therefore strengthening his position. Liverpool was also successful – to an extent in restoring economic prosperity. The war had disrupted British trade and economy and it had also encouraged British economy to over specialise in war industries which resulted in inflation and rising prices. The Corn Laws which were implemented in 1815 caused bread prices to rise rapidly in the poor harvest of 1816; this angered many working class people and caused a lot of popular unrest, it also made Liverpool very unpopular, the corn laws benefited the upper classes. Additionally by 1815 Britain had and  £861 million national debt and the deficit had reached  £13 million. The income tax which had been imposed in 1799 and brought in  £15 million was defeated by 37 votes and abolished in March 1816. This meant that the government lost a substantial amount of revenue therefore worsening the economic state of the coun try. Further the end of the Napoleonic war in 1815 caused depression as the economy shifted from a war economy to a peacetime one. Liverpool’s government thought lower tariffs on imported goods would mean lower prices for costumers and therefore increasing demand and stimulating trade which would mean economic prosperity. Liverpool’s main source of revenue was the indirect tax. During this time the government was also under increasing pressure gain the support of the people as in the election of 1818 they had lost seats. The government was severely embarrassed over its handling of Peterloo, the spy system and the Queen Caroline Affair. Matters were only made worse by Castlereagh’s weak defence of the government position in each of the matters. The government was in deep embarrassment and on the verge of losing support from voters. As a response Liverpool shuffled the cabinet in 1822. Canning was appointed as foreign secretary. This was highly controversial and further cabinet changes took places. This was an attempt to make the restore the people’s faith in the government and Liverpool hoped to regain some credibility. This reshuffle provided the impression of change, however this was not really the case therefore it wasn’t particularly effective in solving any problems. There was also much radical threat in Britain at the time. During this time Liverpool did several things to try and suppress radical action: introduced the six acts, suspended the Habeas Corpus and the Seditions meeting act. Also people were transported and some were executed due to Luddite protests. These acts allowed the magistrates to take action necessary in order to prevent any action which seemed revolutionary. This made the government seems repressive and reactionary. This was also the first time any government had to deal with mass protest and therefore it could be said that perhaps for the experience they had, the government dealt with matters fairly effectively. Although there are perhaps better ways in which it could have been handled the government was somewhat effective in oppressing revolutionary protest. Liverpool was clearly most effective are regards military action – winning the war with Napoleon and also restoring the peace with America. As regards to the economic and financial problems Liverpool was somewhat successful in reducing the problem rather than getting rid of it.

Bias In Printmedia :: essays research papers

Print media provides its readers with information, but what the reader very often does not recognize is the bias within the articles. Bias is not so easily recognized. Writers have the gift to blend the bias in with their work. It is so well done, that in order to see the bias, one must thoroughly analyze the article. A person must also know what the types of bias are and how they are used. There are many different types of bias that are used in health related articles such as statistics and crowd counts, word choice and tone, and through omission. Print media demonstrates these types of bias in many articles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One method of bias being used is print media is through statistics and crowd counts. A writer can manipulate the reader into thinking that the results are very high or very low in some cases. In The Toronto Star on October 23, 1999, the article â€Å" Pregnancy biggest threat to women, V.N. says† uses statistics to give an estimation, â€Å" an estimated 585,000 women do every year†. This article explains how pregnancy affects many women. By using this statistic, it gives the reader an approximation, but not an exact number. This is used to make the reader think that the statistic is very high. Another article in The Toronto Star, â€Å"Tamil health crisis probed†, on October 29, 1999,demostrates bias by saying, â€Å" At least 70,000 people†. The article is talking about the Tamil community and how 70,000 people have been affected, but it does not give the amount of people in that community. This type of bias is often used in print med ia to make an article more important than it is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bias through word choice and tone is often used in print media sources. By choosing specific words, the writer can easily influence the reader’s opinion about the article. Certain words give the reader a different meaning. In an article, â€Å"Health care to receive $3.8 billion injection†, in The Toronto Star, on October 22, 1999, the Governor, Hilary Weston, is reading a passage from a â€Å"throne speech† given by the government to introduce a Patient’s Bill of Rights. By using the word, throne, the writer suggests that the speech given is very important. During this speech, there is a â€Å"caucus chuckle† from a Liberal at the meeting. The writer uses caucus to indicate that it is more than a normal chuckle during an important speech.

New York and Nebraska

In this world no two places can be considered to be same. All the places have a certain amount of distinctness, a certain flavor and a very dominant persona. If we consider two places, New York and Nebraska, there are a lot of similarities and contrasts, as they are the states of a same country, i.e. United States of America. Both the states have discrete histories but have common grounds on the basis of European Settlers. Nebraska became officially part of United States of America only in 1812 after Missouri Treaty bill.   New York on the other hand was dominant by the point of British and it was an important place in terms of the revolution for Independence.Comparisons between New York and NebraskaNew York and Nebraska are both large states of America and have lot of importance to the country. Both the states being large on their own are blessed on natural terms. On the whole the two states have similarities on the basis of its large parks and greenery. Also both the states are b lessed with the amount of voluminous rivers flowing through them. Nebraska and New York have a very good base in agriculture and have large share of their economy dependent on agricultural products. On a religious point of view too, both the states comprising have similarities in terms that both have a maximum population of Christians than any other religions. The states also are very rich in its heritage and culture and the no. of museums both have are outstanding, as both the states have a view of protecting and highlighting their culture.Contrasts between New York and NebraskaFirstly the climate of both the states is very different, and their discreetness is so high that the state of Nebraska has in fact two climates in its region. The state is grossly divided between a humid climate and a steppe climate. Also the effect of Global warming though being everywhere in the world is marginally higher in Nebraska compared to New York. This is assessed by the following:‘Nebraska i s home to an incredible diversity of native wildlife species, including 346 birds, 83 mammals, 87fish, 47 reptiles and 13 amphibians. Rising temperatures in the state will likely change the makeup of entire ecosystems, forcing wildlife to shift their ranges or adapt. Global warming could contribute to a 20-50 percent decline in forested area, particularly in eastern Nebraska, where grasslands and savanna could replace forests and woodlands’.(Courtesy: Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. Retrieved on May 4, 2008 from http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22)Both the states have a massive difference in the terms of economy as the state of New York is one of the key finance providers of the nation compared to Nebraska. One of the major contrasting feature of the two states politically is Nebraska is a religious Republican follower while the state of New York is avidly a Democratic supporter.Conclus ionBoth the states have their own theories of running the economy and are well blessed with flora and fauna. The comparison between the two states assesses the fact that how much ever two places might be distinct or similar, both of them are unique in their own way.Reference:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22 New York and Nebraska In this world no two places can be considered to be same. All the places have a certain amount of distinctness, a certain flavor and a very dominant persona. If we consider two places, New York and Nebraska, there are a lot of similarities and contrasts, as they are the states of a same country, i.e. United States of America. Both the states have discrete histories but have common grounds on the basis of European Settlers. Nebraska became officially part of United States of America only in 1812 after Missouri Treaty bill.   New York on the other hand was dominant by the point of British and it was an important place in terms of the revolution for Independence.Comparisons between New York and NebraskaNew York and Nebraska are both large states of America and have lot of importance to the country. Both the states being large on their own are blessed on natural terms. On the whole the two states have similarities on the basis of its large parks and greenery. Also both the states are b lessed with the amount of voluminous rivers flowing through them. Nebraska and New York have a very good base in agriculture and have large share of their economy dependent on agricultural products. On a religious point of view too, both the states comprising have similarities in terms that both have a maximum population of Christians than any other religions. The states also are very rich in its heritage and culture and the no. of museums both have are outstanding, as both the states have a view of protecting and highlighting their culture.Contrasts between New York and NebraskaFirstly the climate of both the states is very different, and their discreetness is so high that the state of Nebraska has in fact two climates in its region. The state is grossly divided between a humid climate and a steppe climate. Also the effect of Global warming though being everywhere in the world is marginally higher in Nebraska compared to New York. This is assessed by the following:‘Nebraska i s home to an incredible diversity of native wildlife species, including 346 birds, 83 mammals, 87fish, 47 reptiles and 13 amphibians. Rising temperatures in the state will likely change the makeup of entire ecosystems, forcing wildlife to shift their ranges or adapt. Global warming could contribute to a 20-50 percent decline in forested area, particularly in eastern Nebraska, where grasslands and savanna could replace forests and woodlands’.(Courtesy: Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. Retrieved on May 4, 2008 from http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22)Both the states have a massive difference in the terms of economy as the state of New York is one of the key finance providers of the nation compared to Nebraska. One of the major contrasting feature of the two states politically is Nebraska is a religious Republican follower while the state of New York is avidly a Democratic supporter.Conclus ionBoth the states have their own theories of running the economy and are well blessed with flora and fauna. The comparison between the two states assesses the fact that how much ever two places might be distinct or similar, both of them are unique in their own way.Reference:1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Myra Wilensky, â€Å"Global warming and Nebraska†. http://www.nwf.org/globalwarming/pdfs/Nebraska.pdf#search=%22%22global%20warming%22%2C%20Nebraska%22

Ethics in Food Labeling and Packaging

Ethical Food Labeling and Packaging After seeing the ad on television or in the weekly grocer flyer, seeing the actual labeling on a product is what consumers have to make informed choices. What started out to be another form of advertising and last attempt to sell a product, food packaging and labeling has been regulated through the FDA and FD&C to require certain information. It was declared to be the policy of the Congress to assist consumers and manufacturers in reaching these goals in the marketing of consumer goods (Regulatory).Beyond giving the name of the food, net quantity of contents, name and address of manufacturer, statement of ingredients and nutrition information, a product can still be misleading beyond the principal display panels. Accurate and legally complete labels make sense from the standpoints of both ethics and good business (Scott par. 1). Consumers depend on product labels every day to make informed decisions when buying products and those misleading and dec eptive labels make it much more difficult to make good purchasing decisions.Proper labeling to provide the consumer with useful, factual information was the rationale for the original FDCA misbranding provisions, and that motivation has not changed in more than half a century (Committee). Label information can be used to mislead the consumer by providing untrue information or to exaggerate their products’ features. As an example, nutrient information claiming â€Å"low fat†, â€Å"100% natural† or â€Å"organic† have been used on products that left out pertinent information in supporting those claims.Unlike 100% Organic, Organic and Made with Organic Processes, which have tight regulations, the FDA has almost no regulations about the use of the word â€Å"natural†. The FDA has not developed a definition for use of the term natural or its derivatives, however the agency had not objected to the use of the term if the food does not contain added color , artificial flavors or synthetic substances (Committee).A product may contain a claim regarding company processes are green or environmentally friendly, however without the claim being associated to the actual business; consumers are left to think that the product itself lines up with the claim due to mislabeling. There are many cases that the packaging does not represent the actual product. For instance, the packaging of a certain product looks nice and attractive. However, when a consumer opens the package, the product does not look as good as it appears on the packaging.Common deceptive packaging tricks include encasing small products in large containers or decreasing the amount of the product in a box (Margaret). Manufacturers have downsized their product, yet kept the same price and closely the same package with a new net weight listed, looking very similar to the previously larger size on the shelves not too long ago (Sullivan). As long as the products didn’t falsely d o all the above and keep the net weight at the same amount, the manufacturer is abiding by the packaging and labeling act.Slack-filled packaging reveals packaging that looks empty or having less of the product than it could actually contain. Yet again, there are legitimate reasons as to why the consumer pays for air. Companies using same sized containers to sell different-sized products to save on packaging costs, added space helps air circulate, preserving freshness and other statements regarding why food items are not packed full can and have been justified (Sullivan).Sullivan maintains that ultimately the reason is to mislead consumers due to the perception that the larger the box, the better the deal. Concerns about environmental and ethical values are closely related. Customers are increasingly seeking to purchase products from companies that are taking care of our environment (Carbonfree). The Federal Trade Commission regulates environmental marketing claims so consumers can b e reasonably confident that any promises apply to most of the packaging or contents of the product and not to â€Å"minor, incidental components†(Margaret).Excessive paper or wrapping and the harms caused by non-biodegradable materials have become a hot topic and companies have realized the public is equally concerned about the ethics of packaging. Not only having safe and effective packaging equipment qualifies companies as being ethical, but the processes and working conditions of employees are under the microscope as well. As an example, a company that produces sugar can have the claim of being â€Å"Carbon Free†.For many consumers, this sounds good and well intentioned, however the claim is not directly for the product but instead meant for how the product was manufactured. Without statements tying the two together the general public will continue to be misled or misinformed. The claim of packaging made out of recycled material when only a small percentage of the c ontainer was indeed recycled is a continuation of product misrepresentation and manufacturers point to shoplifting as an explanation for packing items in difficult-to-open containers (Margaret).Margaret points out that even this issue leads to the environmental issues of how much energy is being expended to produce, ship and properly store the deceptively large packages. Certain food processes have been tolerated that go against what the product represented and are not mentioned on the food label itself. Within the food industry there isn’t a right to know what is in the food as well as the manufacturing processes. Andrews reported that processing aids are substances used to aid food production, which are not found at significant levels in the final product and have no â€Å"functional or technical effects† on the food. Lean finely textured beef† (LFTB) otherwise known as â€Å"Pink Slime† is produced by mashing and sterilizing beef scraps with ammonia. Ev en though a large portion of the burger patties produced, including McDonald’s up until recently, undergo the ammonia cleanse, there is no need to label it due to the FDA and USDA not requiring food makers to list processing aids on labels (Andrews). The Food Safety and Inspection Service have thirteen categories of processing aids used in the production of meat, poultry and eggs.Processing aids are defined as a material used to process the food, but having no intentional technical effect on the food itself and having the potential of trace levels to remain in the food after the manufacturing process (Magazine). Based on new government legislations, enhanced media coverage and sensationalism, increased company and personal responsibility and heightened consumer vigilance and demands, the growing global food industry is undergoing a new level of increased controls through new certifications, standards and moving towards global harmonization (Magazine).Consumers ought to break out their grocery calculators and see what gets the best bang for the buck instead of flashy packaging and wording that captures the â€Å"wants† instead of the â€Å"needs† of its consumer base. As Sullivan noted, compare unit prices provided on store shelves as this is the only way to compare a type of product with another. The best thing a consumer can do is vote with their food dollars and to vote smart. As regulations within food packaging and labeling get a closer look it is still up to the consumer to make the decisions best for them and their families.

Children face unique Health Risks Essays

Children face unique Health Risks Essays Children face unique Health Risks Paper Children face unique Health Risks Paper Essay Topic: Unique Because of their physiology, children face certain health risks that adults do not, and have been found to be particularly at risk to health dangers from exposure to pesticide residues in food. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, governmental agencies and independent organizations conducted studies on chemical pesticide toxicities. In 1996 the EPA began testing of all pesticides on the market to specifically determine their risk levels for children. Many pesticides have already been banned because of their propensity for causing cancer, birth defects, and neurological disorders in children and infants. Because there is conflicting information in the media about which chemicals are dangerous and to what degree, parents must be wise about the measures they take to protect their own children. Using only organically grown produce and refraining from the use of any pesticide products in ones own garden and lawn are two of the most important ways parents can protect their childre! n. Introduction Children face unique health risks because of their physiological differences with adults. Unfortunately, it is easy for adults to forget this fact. According to scientists Lawrie Mott of the Natural Resources Defense Council, pesticides are one of the five worst environmental threats to our nations children (Dumanoski, p. 46). Indeed, the recent increases in cases of childhood cancer (brain and leukemia are the most common forms in children), birth defects, and learning disorders are serious causes for alarm. Can any of these disorders be proven to be caused by pesticide residues? Of all health risks to children, pesticide use is certainly one that seems to have garnered much attention from researchers and the media. Unfortunately for consumers, there are so many conflicting opinions and information that it is difficult to determine the true dangers, how much of what will cause which medical problems? Children are exposed to so many dangers, such as falls and accidents, these are challenges that have a clear link between cause and effect (Partridge, p. 71). On the other hand, pesticide use does not. There are so many factors involved, including the thousands of chemical pesticides on the market, concentration levels of those pesticides, and the ages at which children are exposed to specific pesticides. There are no absolutes. Even the few chemicals that have been proven to cause health risks offer no definitive information about the severity of potential damage. It is most difficult to determine risk factors without human experimentation, and that is considered by many people to be unethical. Parents need assistance weeding through all the information available on pesticide dangers in order to determine how to protect their children. In recent years, many federal agencies and legislators, as well as nonprofit groups, have become involved in the issue. Actress and mother Meryl Streep and other Connecticut mothers founded Mothers Others for a Livable Planet in the late 1980s in response to the National Resources Defense Councils (NRDC) report Intolerable Risk: Pesticides in Our Childrens Food. The study examined data on the eating habits of American children and the pesticide levels in 27 different food crops, relating this information to rates of cancer and other diseases in children. Eight of the pesticides studied were found to be carcinogens. Scientists determined that a child was four times more likely to be exposed to these specific carcinogens as was an adult, because of the childs eating habits and the fact that the tolerance levels established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) were based on someone with the body weight of an average grown man. This would mean that children could potentially be ingesting high enough levels of chemical pesticides to be harmful to their health. Because of Mothers Others and similar consumer organizations, public awareness of environmental toxins and synthetic growth hormones in our food has risen, and sales of organic food products have increased. The Intolerable Risks study reported that in some cases, depending upon the age of the child and other factors such as body mass, even brief exposures to certain toxins can cause damage to the development or function of an organ system. The report recommended that the EPA set new tolerance levels for pesticide use on food products, keeping in mind the differences between children and adults as well as health considerations. In response, the EPA announced in 1995 a new national health policy under which all future EPA risk assessments (such as those dealing with toxins in food) would consider threats to children and infants. One year later, Congress passed the Food Quality Protection Act, which stated that infants and children need additional protection against exposure to pesticides; it requires testing of all pesticides to determine their effects on children. Under this law, unless tests prove that there is reasonable certainty of no harm (Heubner and Chilton, PG), no pesticide residue is allowed on any food product. The EPA has estimated that it will take approximately 10 years to re-evaluate all of the tens of thousands of chemical pesticide compounds that are currently on the market. Even though pesticide companies have tested products on human volunteers for decades, the EPA will not utilize the findings of such studies in its determinations of legal pesticide limits (Reuters, PG). In 1996 the EPA released its Environmental Health Threats to Children report, which had several purposes. Among them was to provide recommendations for funding for comprehensive studies on environmental health risks to children. The agency recommended that research be done for the first time on the cumulative effects of exposure, rather than simply studying the possible effects of singular chemical exposures, as had historically been done. It makes sense. Most children are exposed to many more than one chemical by age five. The 1996 report affirmed that because children are still growing, children breathe more air, eat more food, and drink more liquids per body mass than do most adults. Furthermore, they are more vulnerable to toxin exposures because their organs and immune systems are still developing; this is especially true for infants. Likewise, infants are often exposed to things that older children arent because they crawl around on floors, tend to put objects into their mouths, and suck on thumbs or fingers that may have been exposed to toxins such as pesticides or other chemicals on grass, carpet, or in soil. Additionally, children consume more fruit, like grapes and apples; applesauce; and fruit juices than do adults. In 1997 the EPA conducted a conference on Preventable Causes of Cancer in children, in order to examine the possibility of a link between cancer in children and environmental toxins. Although death rates from cancer have decreased recently due to better treatment methods having been developed, the incidences of cancer in children have risen. It was determined that the incidence of cancer in children has increased since the 1970s from 12. 8 cases per 100 children to 13. 6 cases per 100. Cancer is the third leading causes of death in children between the ages of one and four, accounting for approximately eight percent of all deaths in that age group. In the five to 14 age group, the disease is the second leading cause of death, and accounts for approximately 12 percent of all deaths. About 1500 children die each year from various forms of cancer. Many pesticides have been found to cause cancer in laboratory animals, and thus are dangerous to children. It is believed that leukemia, a cancer of the immune system, may be caused by toxic exposures to chemicals during pregnancy (Dumanoski, p. 48). As the childs immune system matures during the first two years of life, the leukemia develops. Many birth defects are also linked to pesticide residue. Birth defects account for about 11 percent of all deaths in the one to four age group, and about five percent of all deaths in the five to 14 age group. The link between pesticides and birth defects can be illustrated by a study by the University of Minnesota Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Pathology, which determined that the rates of genital and urinary tract birth defects in the children of Minnesota farmers and other families living in the states farming communities are particularly high where specific pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides are used. Researchers were stunned to discover that children conceived in the spring, when the use of these chemicals is higher than in any other season, tended to have higher rates of birth defects (Dumanoski, p. 47). Childrens brains and immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems take years to fully develop. The potential for infertility can occur with just a single exposure to a dangerous chemical. This can even occur through a chemicals passage from mother to infant in the womb. Over time, toxic substances a womans body has accumulated are stored in her fat cells. Therefore, even toxins she has been exposed to pre-pregnancy can cross the placenta to the fetus. In 1998 the U. S. Department of Agriculture performed tests on thousands of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables for pesticide residues. The produce samples used for the study consisted of a combination of fresh and processed items. The highest levels of residue were found in apples, cantaloupes, grapes, green beans, peaches, pears, spinach, strawberries, and winter squash. Pediatrician and author Philip J. Landrigan, M. D. is the director of the environmental risk study panel of the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D. C. His panel recently confirmed that pesticide testing does not take into account the special vulnerability (Joyce, PG) of children and infants. The panel has not determined that there is evidence of pesticides causing childhood diseases, only that there is a necessity for changing the way pesticides used on food crops are measured. According to Landrigan, less than half of the 75,000 synthetic chemicals now on the market have undergone testing for toxicity; of those that have, few of them have been tested specifically for toxicity in children (Dumanoski, p. 47). A long-time advocate of childrens health, Dr. Landrigan was recently instrumental in establishing a special EPA Office of Childrens Health Protection. As of June 2000, the nonprofit consumer advocacy group Consumers Union (publisher of Consumer Reports magazine has become involved in the pesticide issue, and has urged the federal government to require greater precautions in treating food crops with pesticides on behalf of Americas children. Consumers Union has reported that there are approximately 20 specific chemicals that are to blame for most of the toxic residues found in our food. One of these is chlorphyrifos, which the EPA has recently banned because of its potential for causing blurred vision, memory loss and other neurological deficiencies. Two of the most common brand names for chlorphyrifos are Dursban and Lorsban. These pesticides are commonly found in apples grown in New Zealand, grapes grown in Chile, tomatoes grown in Mexico, and soybeans grown in the United States. The chlorphyrifos products are among the most widely used pesticides (Hebert, PG), and they will likely stay on store shelves until the end of 2001. Its use has already been completely banned on fruits and vegetables, but will still be allowed on some grains and other crops. Another recently banned agricultural chemical is Captan, a fungicide that has been proven to be a carcinogen. Captan has been banned by the EPA for use on 42 different food crops. It is hoped that, as a result of the more intensive testing required by the 1996 food safety law, more of these dangerous chemical pesticides will be banned in the near future by the EPA. In a June 2000 report, the Consumers Union encouraged consumers to take special precautions in feeding fresh produce to their children, revealing that many pesticides banned by the EPA as far back as the 1970s are still showing up in some food products today. One of these is the chemical dieldrin, which remains in soil for long periods of time. The National Agricultural Chemicals Association has announced that it will take the recommendations of all the involved agencies and organizations very seriously, and will take whatever actions are necessary to make the food safety system in the United States better for children (Joyce, PG). Heubner and Chilton posit that some of the policies regarding food production could be more harmful than helpful by bringing about other risks. For example, reducing the amounts of pesticides used on fruits and vegetables has been proven to lower crop outputs. This means less food, a decreased variety of food, greater costs for farmers, higher prices for consumers, and a potential for increased rates of incidence of natural toxins and carcinogens. Indeed, many plants produce their own poisons to ward off insects and other pests. These can also be dangerous to human health, but it is only the man-made chemical pesticides that are currently being studied for their negative effects. Perhaps a better option is utilizing nonchemical synthetic pesticides that are less dangerous to our health. The infamous Intolerable Risks report did not discuss potential exposures to natural toxins, nor did it compare the risks of pesticides to the benefits of a varied and plentiful food supply (Heubner and Chilton, PG). Perhaps what this country needs is the ability to put environmental risks in context with other risks to childrens health. Certainly, environmental contaminants are not one of the top risks to the health of our children. Scientists are attributing childhood cancer, birth defects, asthma, and other disorders to environmental toxins when there is sometimes no concrete and definitive proof. There are many other factors that could contribute to health problems in children, including poor diets, increased exposure to tobacco smoke, and poor prenatal care. All of these are lifestyle issues, and the lifestyles of American people can certainly be considered to be at least contributors to some childhood ailments. For example, approximately five million of the 15 million Americans who have asthma are children. Even though air quality is reported to have improved since 1970, asthma rates have doubled since that time. Asthma deaths have increased by 40 percent since 1982. These increased rates of incidence and death can be attributed, at least partially, to lifestyle changes. Children spend more time indoors than they used to, which exposes them to more tobacco smoke, cockroach allergens, and other indoor pollutants. The fact is, we dont know why asthma is becoming more prevalent†¦ (Heubner and Chilton, PG), but to blame it entirely on environmental toxins is hardly fair. The same could be true for cancer and birth defects. As a nation, perhaps we should spend less time worrying about environmental effects on children and more time dealing with social problems that are undeniable risks to children drugs, gunshot wounds, etc. There is so much conflicting information in the media about pesticide toxicity, that consumers have a difficult time determining what is the truth. For example, in 1989 the EPA called for a gradual phasing out of the user of Alar, the brand name of the Uniroyal Chemical Companys apple growth enhancement chemical daminozicle. Alar was used by apple orchards to regulate apple growth, so that farmers could harvest them all at once. Subsequent to the EPA action, a 60 Minutes segment on Alar use led to a nationwide boycott of apples, resulting in a complete withdrawal of Alar from the market. Alar had been pointed out in the Intolerable Risks report as a possible carcinogen. In fact, the NRDC determined that Alar was likely to cause at least one case of cancer in every 4,200 children under the age of five who were exposed to the chemical. In 1999, however, the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) determined that there has never been any scientific, definitive proof that Alar causes human disease, and that in order to develop any negative effects from Alar residue on apples, one would have to consumer gallons of juice made from apples grown with the chemical, per day, for a long period of days. Therefore, the risk is now thought to be minimal. With so much conflicting information available through both the media and governmental agencies, how can parents know how best to protect their children? Firstly, experts warn parents not to stop feeding their children fruits and vegetables. These foods contain important nutrients for growing bodies. There are several ways that parents can protect their children from pesticides in food. The consumer organization Environmental Working Group recommends that parents demand that their supermarkets carry fresh locally produced fruits and vegetables. Produce grown locally is less likely to have high exposure to chemicals, because they dont need preservatives to stay fresh for transport across the country. Other options include buying organic or pesticide-free produce, or growing ones own pesticide-free produce at home. All product should be carefully washed before being eaten. If a fruit or vegetable has a waxy buildup on the outside, it should either be peeled or washed with a drop of mild soap before being given to children. Children can also be exposed to pesticides while playing in their own backyards. The National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides suggests that parents avoid using chemical lawn products, and water their lawns less frequently but for longer periods of time. This practice will allow grass to grow stronger with the ability to crowd out weeds (Gould, p. 145). Not all of these suggestions will work for every familys lifestyle. Parents should review the available information and make informed decisions that make sense to them. Additionally, there are plenty of materials on the market that can offer further information to consumers on reducing their risks of pesticide exposure. Gould recommends the book Raising Children Toxic Free: How to Keep Your Child Safe From Lead, Asbestos, Pesticides and Other Environmental Hazards, by Herbert L. Needleman, M. D. and Philip J. Landrigan, M. D. Organizations such as the Childrens Environmental Health Network and the EPA offer free information on environmental health hazards to children. What about environmental issues besides pesticide use that can affect the health of Americas children? The EPA has pledged to consistently and explicitly consider children when assessing environmental hazards (Dumanoski, p. 51) in the future for example, hazards in air and water quality. Pesticide use is really only a drop in the bucket. American lifestyles are causing many of the medical problems suffered by children in this country. **Bibliography** Bibliography Dumanoski, D. Childs Plague: Its Dangerous to be a Kid in a Polluted World, Sierra. 21 November 1997. Volume 82, p. 46-52. Gould, J. Keeping our Children Safe: What You Can Do to Protect Them from Hazards in the Air They Breathe, the Foods They Eat, and More, Good Housekeeping. 1 October 1996. Volume 223, p. 145-147. Hebert, H. J. EPA to Ban Common Pesticide, AP Online. 8 June 2000. www. elibrary. com [November 18, 2000]. Huebner, S. ; Chilton, K. Overplaying Environmental Threats to Children, Consumers Research Magazine. 1 April 1998. Volume 82. www. elibrary. com [November 18, 2000]. Joyce, C. Scientists Concerned About Pesticide Effects on Kids, All Things Considered (NPR). 28 June 1993. www. elibrary. com [November 18, 2000]. Krasnow, I. Militant Mothers, Taking up Issues That Matter, The Washington Post. 2 November 2000, p. C4. Partridge, K. Choose Your Poison, Todays Parent. 1 September 1999. Volume 16, p. 69-74. Toufexis, A. Watch Those Vegetables, Ma; Pesticide-Laden Produce May Endanger Your Tots, Time. 6 March 1989, p. 57. Author Not Available. Pesticide Residues Seen Too High in Childrens Food, Reuters Business Report. 7 June 2000. www. elibrary. com [November 18, 2000].

How to Write a PhD Personal Statement

How to Write a PhD Personal Statement How to Write a PhD Personal Statement A person might be required to write a personal statement when he or she is completing a PhD application. Professionals in this area have specific guides that need to be followed when completing the application process. The reader is supposed to understand what type of PhD program is being sought and the reasons behind the student’s preference to study in the proposed university. The reader must understand clearly what is of most interest to the customer in the specific field of study. A good PhD personal statement should have all of these details, and the writer should be able to provide a background of their earlier academic credentials and empirical experience which may highlight his or her interest in the specific area of study. When applying for a PhD, experience and prior knowledge is very important to help convince the board that one actually qualifies for the program. This is the highest level of study and hence professionalism and integrity applies at all times. As such, the skills and experience acquired by the applicant are vital in the process of transition from the undergraduate program to the postgraduate program. This also guarantees the level of success in the area of study. One may not want to apply the same statement to every application, and instead make each application unique based on the area of interest and the person who will be reading it. In addition, it is of great use to a writer if they conduct thorough research on the University that offers the program that they are applying to. Grammar and type of vocabulary used must be well thought out. Very long sentences with repetition should be avoided at all cost. The sentences should be short and precise and the tone of the statement should be positive and enthusiastic. The word limit should also be adhered to. The statement should be structured with an introduction, main body and a conclusion. The purpose of the introduction is to captivate the reader and make them interested in reading the statement to the end. The reasons for choosing that particular institute of learning must be explained and the individual’s strength and personal skills should also be highlighted. The ability to communicate effectively and work as part of a team should be brought out by the writer. What’s more, the relevance of the undergraduate program to the PhD study should be described to demonstrate the foundation which was laid for further research and study. The career aim should be exemplified to demonstrate the intended c ontribution to society. One must try to make their statement unique; it must stand out among the rest. Professional personal statement help at is provided by academic experts. They can write a custom personal statement paper starting at $13/page. High quality and on-time delivery guarantee!

Ethical Hacking Final Challenges Research Paper

Ethical Hacking Final Challenges - Research Paper Example Therefore one of the vulnerabilities of MD5 is its possibility of resulting into collision attacks. The algorithm also gives room for any attacker to generate a collision. The practical abilities of such attacks results into the impersonation of the trusted roots CA by the attackers. The MD5 trustworthiness is reduced the moment an attacker posses the ability to construct forged data in various forms with the ability of causing software using MD5 (Simpson, 2010-03-17). All these underlying vulnerabilities are caused by a cryptographic primitive making the specific exploitation scenarios vary largely depending on the form of data that is prone to attack and the validation of the software. Microsoft has though tried to issue specific patch for flame which does not though eliminate completely the vulnerabilities caused by MD5 hence they recommend that – every CA that still makes use of MD5 should stop with immediate effect and to migrate to better hash functions. Those with certi ficates signed by MD5 should see on how to replace them immediately. The CA should therefore ensure that sensible cryptographic measures are used depending on the tasks they want performed in their respective organizations (Simpson, 2006). Challenge 2 MEMO TO: Bob Kaikea FROM: Network security Team DATE: 20th February 2013 SUBJECT: Port numbers and services that run on most networks A port number in computer networking is mostly the part of the addressing information that is employed in knowing who the senders and receivers and senders of messages within a network as used with TCP/IP connections (Simpson, 2010-03-17). The port numbers allow for the sharing of information by different applications on the same computer to share resources and they work like telephone extensions. The well known ports are an example of Port 80 that which explains to us what a port really is describing it as a virtual data used by software components to interact. Another is the DHCP which is the Dynamic H ost Configuration protocol. The DHCP server listens on this port and allocates your link the properties it has requested, e.g. IP address, network mask, default gateway and DNS server. Both ports 20 and 21 are known as random ports. While 21 is known as the TCP and is well designed for FTP control, the port 20 is the active FTP type and is designed for the actual transfer of data. Ports 23, 25, 53 and 110 are ports outside the range and they would be used to transfer actual data without the specified range. 23 is the Telnet, 25 acts for the simple mail transfer, 53 is the domain name saver and 110 acts as the Post Office Protocol version 3 (Simpson, 2006). In analyzing the services currently running for the Alexander Rocco Corporation, the ports being used must be keenly looked at to enhance the recovery of the ways to be used to curb the vulnerabilities. Challenge 3 Ethics and morality most so in the computer environment more or less revolves around the same thing that is ethics be ing a moral philosophy where one makes a moral choice and sticks to it. In our case it refers to the moral guidelines that an individual sticks to when using computers and computers networks including the encryption algorithms. It is unethical and therefore against the law to do the following when it comes to computers and computer networks. An individual should not indulge into using office computers to do personal work, one should never read

Long run economic growth and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Long run economic growth and development - Essay Example This paper presents a modern comprehensive analysis of the models of growth, explores main drivers of growth, and discover the mechanism of the influence of the financial liberalization on the long-term economic development of a country. The long term economic growth and development for any country or region in the world is an important subject for all students of sociology, economics and even history since economic development affects all systems that can be found in a political entity. Even in recent years, countries such as Japan that had been destroyed by the ravages of the Second World War and had little to go on in terms of natural resources were able to become economic giants and global economic players. However, such developments could not be emulated by other countries in Latin America and Africa for a multitude of reasons. It seems that labour, economic production output as well as national saving levels are all drivers of economic growth but the overall factor which produces these variables in different quantities is government policy and the economic system that is in place in a given country. A country may follow the practice of becoming more liberal in financial terms and having less stringent controls on the way in which entrepreneurs acquire capital but this does not necessarily mean that economic growth will happen the way the government wants it to happen. Financial liberalization has several advantages and disadvantages which are directly connected with the needs of developing countries.

Discuss the difficulties most often encountered in business writing Essay

Discuss the difficulties most often encountered in business writing and how to avoid them - Essay Example Lot of entrepreneurs who undergo the process of business writing usually fails to achieve the target due to the following problems. Many business writers fail to come up with effective business writing due to their failure to identify the reader of their business report (Siljander, 2008). This makes it hard for them to gather the necessary information needed to address the key areas of interest to the readers. During the writing, many students concentrate on giving a lot of explanation in areas that are of less importance to the reader. All this is due to their inability to identify the key potential areas which needs much more explanation. To overcome this, the writers need to know the audience they are addressing in their writing. The writer must be aware whether his writing targets up, down or lateral communication. The writer must know the reader of his or her writing as much as possible. The moment the writer realizes the reader of his writing, and he or she will be in a positio n to address the core problems the reader wants to see solved (Spedding, 2010). For example, if the writer is communicating up the chain of command, then knowing the reader of his writings will be beneficial as it will determine whether her or his writing will be acted upon by the targeted audience. Before engaging in any business writing, the writer should take his or her time to consider the reader preferred communication style. The writer needs to think about how the intended reader communicates with others in the business. Identify whether the intended reader wants the writing to get direct to the point or not. This knowledge of the writer about the intended reader of his message will enable him to know where to put his message, at the beginning or the end. Secondly, during business writing, writers face a monumental problem of deciding on the channel of communication he or she will adopt. This problem appears the moment the writer starts preparing business writing without knowi ng the intended reader (Moore, 2008). To overcome this, once the writer has identified the end reader of his or her business writing, he or she needs to make an informed decision on the channel to be used. Channels of communicating the writing may be divided into two forms, i.e. formal or informal. During the writing, the writer should consider the reader who will pass through his or her information (Butler, 2006). This will help the writer to choose appropriate channel of communication to use. He or she will be in a position to decide whether to use a brochure, letter, e-mail or other form of business writing. During seminars and business writing workshops, writers often understands the objectives required by different readers. They also find it easier to identify communication channels to be used at various instances. The main problem they face in their attempt to develop and come up with appropriate business writing is a task to realize their overall objective (Moore, 2008). Many writers think that the overall goal of their writing is to ensure the intended reader reads it. By this, they end up falling short of the purpose of business writing. To overcome this problem, writers need to verbalize what they want from the reader (Butler, 2006). This will help them adopt specific actions during their writing. Before the writer gets engaged in any business writing, he should clearly know what he or she wants from the reader. They

Strategic marketing management for Boots in the UK

Strategic marketing management for Boots in the UK Boots is a leading UK retailer, selling health and beauty products through its chain of Boots the Chemists stores. Around half the Boots brand products are developed and manufactured by the company. In this case the company is in control of the entire supply chain. From its foundation in 1849 Boots has always believed in and practiced what is today known as Corporate Social Responsibility. The company is proud of this heritage and its strong sense of social responsibility. Today it is reflected in values and behaviours and made explicit in the company statement of business purpose. We seek to respond to the legitimate concerns of our stakeholders whether they be in the marketplace, the workplace, the communities in which we operate or the environment that affects us all. Marketing Strategy Options. Boots is a member of Alliance Boots, an international pharmacy-led health and beauty group. Our purpose is to help our customers look and feel better than they ever thought possible. Our customers are at the heart of our business. Were committed to providing exceptional customer and patient care, be the first choice for pharmacy and healthcare, offer innovative products only at Boots, with great value our customers love. Our people are our strength and they tell us that Boots is a great place to work. We are always be the employer of choice, attracting and retaining the most talented and passionate people.The strategy is to focus on its two core business activities of pharmacy led health and beauty retailing and pharmaceutical wholesaling and distribution, while increasingly developing and internationalising our product brands to create a third dimension. growing the core businesses in existing markets,continuing to deliver productivity improvements and other cost savings,pursuing growth opportunities in selective new high growth markets and launching our product brands in new markets. This strategy is underpinned by our continue focus on patient or customer needs and services selective partnerships and our strong financial diciplines.we are commited to providing exceptional customer and patient care be the first choice for pharmacy and healthcare offer innovative products only at Boots,with great va lue our customer love. Pharmacy-led health and beauty strategy : Boots is the largest pharmacy chain in Europe with an excellent reputation for differentiated health and beauty products and customer care.Our strategy is to develop Boots into the worlds leading pharmacy-led health and beauty retail brand,focused on helping people look and feel their best. The key steps we are taking in the uk to execute our strategy are:- -Making Boots more convenient and accessible for our customers. -Developing our people to be at their very best for our customer -Improving our customer in store shopping experience -creating a compelling multi-channel health and wellbeing consumer offering -Increasingly differentiating our product offering -Continuing to provide customers with excellent value -Opening new stores in markets where Boots is already well established -Developing new store in markets where Boots is already well established -Developing country specific Boots branded trading formats to meet local needs. Marketing strategies options: Every marketing strategy is unique, but if we abstract from the individualizing details, each can be reduced into a generic marketing strategy. A brief description of the most common categorizing schemes is presented below, Strategies based on market dominance In this scheme, firms are classified based on their market share or dominance of an industry. There are a number of ways of categorizing these generic strategies. Typically there are four types of market dominance strategies: Leader Niche Follower Challenger Porter generic strategies: Michael Porter assessed strategy on the dimensions of strategic scope and strategic strength. Strategic scope refers to the breadth of market penetration while strategic strength refers to the firms sustainable competitive advantage. He felt three types were important: Market segmentation Product differentiation Cost leadership Innovation strategies:- This deal with the firms rate of new product development and business model innovation. It asks whether the company is on the cutting edge of technology and business innovation. There are three types: Close followers Late followers Pioneers Growth strategies:- In this scheme we ask the question, how should the firm grow? There are a number of different ways of answering that question, but the most common gives four answers: Diversification Intensification Vertical integration Horizontal integration Aggressiveness strategies: This asks whether a firm should grow or not, and if so, how fast. One scheme divides strategies into: Holding Building Harvesting Warfare based strategies: This scheme draws parallels between marketing strategies and military strategies. There are many types of marketing warfare strategies, but they can be grouped into: Flanking marketing warfare Defensive marketing warfare strategies Offensive marketing warfare strategies Keys to Success: An analysis of successful partnerships has identified common features. These include: Project delivery focused on addressing local requirements over a sustained period of time. Likely to include issues as varied as access, car parking, addition to their local Business Rate, to pay for additional services. Where there is a majority vote in favour, all businesses are required to pay. The genuine commitment of the Local Authority (both at senior officer and political level) Adequate funding identified from a broad base of supporters/ sponsors and other sources A Business Plan and a programme of projects endorsed and funded by the partners A robust, inclusive partnership that represents a genuine cross-section of all the elements of town centre activity. A management structure with clear accountabilities to deliver the Business Plan and to monitor and evaluate progress A realistic, achievable vision for the centre that identifies the necessary steps required for its delivery The precept is gathered by the Local Authority but passed to a business-led local partnership to manage and deliver the BID Business Plan. Support available from Alliance Boots, Corporate Affairs: 1. Links and contacts to a broad range of external organisations that can assist with sourcing information and practical support. 2. An additional programme is facilitated by Boots UK for those sites currently without an effective local partnership, but wishing to establish one 3. The Company continues to support the core funding of 100 Town Centre Management initiatives. A twice-yearly Induction Programme is provided by Boots UK (at no charge to ATCM members), for newly appointed Partnership Managers. The programme focuses on the key issues that challenge partnerships and offers help to successfully resolve them 4. A series of short briefing papers have been prepared that store managers and town centre managers can receive upon request. These include; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing a Retail Crime Partnership à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participating in Working Groups and Steering Groups à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business Improvement Districts what are they à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Influencing Car Park Provision à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Developing Christmas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Business Improvement Districts lessons learnt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Preparing a Business Plan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Broadening the Base of Business Engagement membership services à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Funding à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Marketing and Promotion. Launching an effective campaign to promote your centre à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Business Improvement Districts key criteria necessary for Alliance Boots support à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sunday/extended Trading hours 5. Advice and guidance to store managers and Town Centre Managers, via contact details on page one of this brief Development of Boots Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy: The launch in 2004 of a new CSR strategy has enabled Boots to develop a framework to integrate sustainable development holistically into all areas of operations covering the sectors of: Workplace Marketplace Community Environment This strategy ensures that sustainable development is integrated effectively across the organisation and underlines Boots commitment to social responsibility as a business value. Progress is reviewed quarterly and reported to the Corporate Social Responsibility Action Group chaired by the Group Operations Director. In addition the Board Social Responsibilities Committee chaired by a non-executive Board Director reviews consistency against operational planning on a quarterly basis. Within these sectors are a total of 21 focus areas. For each one a review was undertaken to benchmark against similar organisations, analyse strengths, weaknesses and identify opportunities for improvements. From this our ambition and annual targets have been developed Targets and progress made in meeting them is reported annually and made publicly available. Porters 5 forces analysis: Competitive rivalry All the other retailers have different competitive advantages. The other factors which compete with the Boots bank is different banks and building societies The retail market is filled up with high competitors as more and more companies are trying to step into the Health Beauty industry Boots reach in different stores allows it to reach large number of customers. Barriers for entry Local knowledge is required for a new business in order to establish, which is highly difficult for new firms to replicate. Barriers to entry is high due to a number of factors: Secondly, company in retail sectors are increasing, which itself means there is very less chance for any new entrances. Firstly, company looking to set up its business in UK requires lots of investment, brand development, which takes years to establish. Threats of Substitutes The only major threat of substitute is an internal industry threat, wherein one supermarket can lap up the business of other supermarkets. The threats for newcomers or substitutes is less, as the consumers views that as a necessity, especially in the developed world. The retail market is always trying to look around for new innovations with respect to Health Beauty products, alternative businesses. As a result of which it is difficult for substitution. Buyers power During the time of recession consumers wants are taken into more demand, thereby increasing their power. Because of the presence of too many competitors in the retail Health Beauty sector selling the same product, buyer power is high in the industry. Supplier power Suppliers in itself is huge company providing products to the supermarkets. If the products are not sold, consumer will shift loyalties, making suppliers more powerful. And also when the products do not reach the supermarket, sales do get affected hugely. Developing Tools and Processes: The company has formal processes for all new product development and introduction. To integrate sustainable development criteria consistently across our product range new and revised tools and processes were introduced. Mckinsey growth pyramid It is similar to that of market matrix. This model argues that business should develop their growth strategies based on: Growth skills Privileged assets Operational skills Privileged assets The model outlines seven ways of achieving growth, which are: New product and services A combination of market matrix and diversification strategy-by developing and marketing new products. Some of these can be sold to the existing customers who trust the business but new customers would require more persuasion. Existing products to new customers Taking the current customers as a base, the objective is to find entirely new products that these customers may buy, or else start to provide the products the existing customer is buying from the competitors. Existing products to existing customers The lowest-risk option; try to increase sales to the existing customers; which can be done by increasing the frequency of purchase and maintaining customer loyalty. New competitive arenas This option requires a business to think about opportunities to integrate vertically or consider whether the skills could be used in other industries. New geographies In this businesses are encouraged to consider new geographical areas into which to sell their products. Geographical expansions is one of the most powerful option for growth-but also one of the difficult ones. New delivery approaches This focuses on the use of distribution channels as a possible means of growth. Are there any ways in which the products can be sold using the current or new emerging channels which may boost sales? New industry structure It considers the possibility of acquiring troubled competitors which can be done through a general acquisition program. TASK2 MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Using of PESTEL analysis, marketing mix elements can be produced to contribute the goals and values of Boots, after analyzing the current marketing environment. PESTEL analysis: PESTEL ANALYSIS (Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental, Legal)The PESTEL analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business.. The PESTEL analysis headings are a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also, like SWOT analysis, and Porters Five Forces model, be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea. Its an external factor. PESTEL is used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. A PESTEL analysis is a business measurement tool. A PESTEL analysis measures a market; a SWOT analysis measures a business unit, a proposition or idea. Considering each factor individually :- Political European/international legislation international regulations government term and change regulatory bodies and processes current legislation home market government trading policies funding, grants and initiatives Economic The UK has been in recession since August 2009 with two successive quarters of decline , affecting the economical factors nationally and globally. general/ product specific taxation issues customer/end-user drivers overseas economies and trends home economy situation/ trends specific industry factors market routes and distribution trends Social Factors including the demographic changes, the way people live, work and think and cultural aspect of the place, affecting customer needs and the potential markets demographics consumer attitudes and opinions lifestyle trends advertising and publicit .media views consumer buying patterns brand, company, technology image ethnic/religious factors Technological It includes RD, computerization, technology incentives and rate at which technology changes. These changes affect the cost and quality of the product motivating for improvement. competing technology development research funding intellectual property issues consumer buying mechanisms/technology maturity of technology associated/dependent technologies manufacturing maturity and capacity technology access, licensing, patents replacement technology/solutions information and communications innovation potential technology access, licensing, patents technology legislation Environmental Boots uses the carbon foot printing tool in their farms which says about the total amount of greenhouse gases caused directly and indirectly in the making and transportation of that product climate Weather climate change .. Legal The cost of production and operation and effect on employees working in Boots was affected when government increased the labour wages by 15%. It also follows legal factors like no child labour, special consideration for disables ,etc. health and safety law employment law antitrust law discrimination law consumer law Globalisation:- After considering all the above factors Boots should put plan and put down proper strategies before entering the global market and also reviewing the progress on regular basis , so as to make the necessary changes. Following are the areas which should be consider by the organisation: Well planned Strategies to develop the profit and to attain long term goal Know clearly the goals , objectives and targets with a regular follow up. Organisation should identify and assess their product in the market need to plan strategically as well as operationally market growth using the PESTEL analysis. logic, self-discipline and to operate systematically SWOT analysis STRENGTHS Strengths Weaknesses Strong Brand Equity Low profitability Store Network Lack of International Presence Opportunities Threats Store expansions in UK Intense price competition Expanding product offerings High regulatory oversight WEAKNESSES Declining Reputation Boots is only presented in UK. Therefore there can be an issue if the company wants to have growth in the retailing Health Beauty Division sector. OPPORTUNITY Online sales are a great opportunity for future growth. Staff which works at Boots are essential buyers, administrators, systems designers, finance workers and so on all are part of the whole team that must work together to make things operate smoothly and efficiently Boots alternative business, investing in properties can have major growth in the future. THREATS As a result there needs to be investment related to environmental and green issues. Boots operations have become a topic on various issues like environmental, planning and other factors. Conclusion It is important to recognize that sustainable development is a journey of continual improvement. The processes and tools we have developed are under continual review and refinement. Some of our priorities for the immediate future include: Extending and adapting the risk assessment model for use in other business functions. Developing product sustainability benchmarking Building sustainable development criteria into brand and departmental key performance indicators. Understanding the climate change impacts of products. Developing strategies for consumer information on sustainable development issues. In short Boots UKs views sustainable development as a Holy Grail given the scale of the challenge, the complexity of our business and the pace of change. But we know that it is a key differential for Boots UK, that we are leading the way on many of the issues, and it is no less than what is expected of us by our customers and wider society. Journals/Magazines European Journal of Marketing (Emerald Group Publishing) Campaign ( Haymarket Publishing) Admap ( World Advertising Research Centre) Revolution ( Haynet) Journal of Consumer Behaviour ( Academy of Marketing Science) Marketing Intelligence and Planning (Emerald Group Publishing) Marketing Business (The Chartered Institute of Marketing Magazine) Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science ( Academy of Marketing Science) Marketing Week (Centure Communications Ltd) Websites http://www.boots-UK/Media/PDFs/CSR/2BCE_AWARDS_Paper_v3_general_release.pdf http://www.boots.com/en/Help/About-Boots.com/ http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt.PDF http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEST_analysis http://www.businesspme.com/uk/articles/marketing/6/Types-of-marketing-strategies.html http://www.chicagoexec.net/chicago.nsf http://www.boots-uk.com/Our_Group/Alliance_Boots_Board.aspx http://strategy-guide.blogspot.com/2006/03/mckinsey-growth-pyramid The Strategic Marketing Process