Growing opposition to slavery free essay sample

During the late 1700s to mid 1800s, a growing opposition to slavery was taking place in the United States. This growing opposition was visible in the ways people were beginning to speak out against slavery through abolitionist movements, along with some aspects of the Wilmot Proviso. Peoples consciences were also stirred by the novel, Uncle Toms Cabin. Many people during this time span were slowly beginning to come to the understanding that slavery was morally wrong. Abolitionists such as Frederick Douglass, a former slave himself, and William Lloyd Garrison were beginning to speak out against slavery during this time period. The abolitionists of this time period, white and black, were slowly but steadily gaining support, mostly in the Northern region. In his Declaration of Sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Garrison stated that, We shall organize Anti-Slavery Societies, if possible, in every city, town, and village of our land. We will write a custom essay sample on Growing opposition to slavery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other abolitionists gained attention to their cause by publishing newspapers and holding anti slavery conventions. Yet another abolitionist, Theodore Parker, published a poster one year after the Fugitive Slave Act was established, an act that declared all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their master, that warned runaway slaves of the dangers of watchmen and police looking for them. These small acts done by the abolitionists of that time period slowly began to influence other white peoples views on slavery. In 1846, David Wilmot, a Democratic representative from Pennsylvania, proposed that Congress ban slavery from all lands acquired in the war with Mexico. This proposal came to be known as the Wilmot Proviso. The Wilmot Proviso, also known as the White Mans Proviso, gained support by those who were anti slavery along with other Northerners who wanted to preserve the West for free labor. However, the support from the Southern slave states defeated the Wilmot proviso, leaving the decision as to whether the West should be slave territory or free land up for discussion. Eventually the doctrine of popular sovereignty was established, which decided that the people of the given territory should resolve the issue of slavery in he territory themselves by popular vote. These series of events shows not only the growing sympathy of the North towards slavery but also the unsureness of Congress whether to abolish slavery or stabilize free territory because of the growing realization that slavery was wrong. The novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, or Life among the Lowly, also brought much attention to the anti slavery movement. The novel, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a Northerner who had never set foot on a plantation, told bout the trials and terrors in the life of a slave on a Southern plantation. The novel sparked much support in the abolitionist movement and was accepted as truth among the Northerners. According to an advertisement from 1859 for Uncle Toms Cabin, it was still considered the greatest book of the age seven years after its publication in 1852. This tear Jerking novel caused many people to come to the realization that slavery was morally wrong. Thanks to the publications, conventions, and lectures done by the abolitionists of he time, more attention was brought to the anti slavery movement, intluencing many peoples views. The controversy over the territory gained from the American-Mexican war also showed a growing realization that slavery was wrong. The novel, Uncle Toms Cabin, also showed opposition to slavery because it was accepted as truth among the North. Although slavery was still accepted and often times welcomed during the late 1700s to mid 1800s, more people were beginning to see the immorality behind the cruel treatment of slaves.

Sixth Grade Essay Sample

Sixth Grade Essay SampleThese days, it is common for some students to receive their sixth grade essay sample from their teachers. Teachers are aware that this sample contains important contents about the topic of the paper. In fact, the lesson plan usually has a specific topic and some teachers will give assignments related to that topic.Grades for sixth graders are generally low because they are still developing their writing abilities. As a result, some students prefer to make essays that are informative rather than being creative. In most cases, students take the assignment they have been assigned on face value and consider that their essay is already on its way to receiving high grades.Teachers often prefer to assign essay for students that have already worked through homework assignment that contained informational facts about the subject. As such, students are more likely to complete assignments that are based on facts rather than opinions. The lesson plan may also include an e xplanation about the subject that explains what the student has learned from the lesson plan. The explanation can also include a summary of the student's development as a student and the importance of that development.Students should, therefore, follow instructions on making an informative essay. They should also write a good conclusion that expresses the student's opinion or a reason why the information about the subject is important. In addition, it is not always necessary to focus on the specific facts and not the subject itself. Writing a good essay can be more effective if the writer uses the importance of the subject in the lesson plan to make it as relevant as possible.Some students should follow these instructions on making an informative essay. Others may want to experiment with facts and topics that they have already read on the Internet. It may be better to select one subject that is included in the lesson plan and that is not too easy to understand.They may also want to make a list of all the topics or facts that pertain to the particular subject and summarize them. They may also want to research on the particular topic or facts that pertain to the particular subject. This will help them choose the most appropriate information for their particular topic.Essays in sixth grade should emphasize on the importance of the topic. In addition, the essay should also make sure that it contains a good argument that is convincing to the reader. The end goal is to have a successful, informative essay in sixth grade.

Tobacco In Malaysia Essays - Smoking, Tobacco, Human Behavior

Tobacco in Malaysia Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of death in Malaysia. Under the current law, smoking is banned in all public places. These include amusement centres, theatres, hospitals, clinics, public vehicles and air-conditioned restaurants. Likewise, anyone under age of eighteen is not allowed to buy cigarettes or any tobacco products. If the seller is not sure of the buyer's age, then it is advisable to check his identity card. Free cigarette samples are not allowed to be distributed at the public events or places as this carries a maximum fine of RM 5000 or not more than two years' jail. Cigarette advertisements in all locally published materials are also banned with the maximum fine. The purpose of our government set our all these rules is to control the use of tobacco in our country; however, smoking should be banned in a country because it is bad for health, environment and the economy. Nicotine, which is an alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant, is a chemical that has powerful effects on the human body. It not only has direct effects to smokers' health but also to the non-smokers' health. When a smoker takes a long drag on his cigarette, he inhales deeply, forcing smoke into the remotest parts of his lungs. The smoke contains tar and nicotine, which attack thousands of air sacs in the lung; as he continues to smoke, his air passages become increasing coated with tar, which includes several cancers causing agents. As the tar residue continues to build up in the air passages over several years, they begin to change the surface cells of the passages cancer cells begin to increase in number within a few years, lung cancer often appears. By the time a diagnosis finally confirming the presence of lung cancer, the disease has usually spread beyond control. Furthermore, the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke pass through the placenta to the fetus. It can result low birth weight babies who are more likely to have health and behavioral problems in children such as attention disorder during preschool or school age and they often need medical attention. In fact, maternal smoking is not the only problem; non-smoking mothers living in a house where someone smokes are also at increased risk for having low birth weight babies. Moreover, the most dramatic effect of maternal smoking is on the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS or crib death). SIDS is the most common cause of death in babies between the second week and first year of life. When a women smokes during pregnancy, the risk of SIDS is at least doubled, and possibly tripled. It is estimated that more than 1/3 of all SIDS deaths is due to maternal tobacco use. Smoking is not simply a matter of personal choice when affects nonsmokers. Non-smoker's health is threatened because they force to inhale the secondhand tobacco smoke (also called Environmental Tobacco Smoke, ETS). Environment tobacco smoke is made up of smoke that comes from the end of cigarettes (known as sidestream smoke) and the smoke that is exhaled from the smoker (known as mainstream smoke). Scientists have determined that sidestream has more carcinogens--cancer causing agents than mainstream smoke. In short, nonsmokers or secondhand smokers' health is even worst than smokers although they did not touch the cigarettes for the reason that the chemicals that are inhaled from environment tobacco smoke are not safe for human and can cause serious health problem or make existing health problem even worse. Environment tobacco smoke is a health hazard not only for people who live it day to day, but also for people who are exposed to it occasionally such as in restaurants of bars and for short period. Furthermore, environment tobacco smoke affects the respiratory of nonsmokers and can reduce lung function increasing coughing and chest discomfort. It can also cause eye irritation, sore throat in nonsmokers. Children are particularly vulnerable to environment tobacco smoke because their lung are still growing and developing. For instance, environment tobacco smoke makes existing asthma worse. It is a harmful indoor air pollutant and has serious health problems not only for children but for adults as well. Since even short exposure negatively affects the human

The Worth of a Human Soul Professor Ramos Blog

The Worth of a Human Soul America is a unique experiment, the United States boasts the largest immigrant population, most linguistically diverse location in the world, the invention of jazz music, and the only developed western nation to systemically murder criminals. Though more expensive than life in prison and being less humane than penal servitude, capital punishment currently holds nearly the highest approval rating it has ever been granted amongst the American public (Ellsworth, pp. 19). Today, study after study has concluded a clear racial bias in death penalty sentencing; so much so that in 1972 the death penalty was ruled unconstitutional because it could not be doled out equally. Most of all though, the death penalty does not consider the idea that mistakes can occur, exonerating an inmate after death does not bring any justice to this world. There are activists working to bring reform to the United States’ prison system in innumerable ways, however the solution to bring justice to the death penalty is straight forward: it must be ended, because if lady justice is not blind, then she should be fired. Every election cycle, state ballots feature one referendum or another working to end the death penalty and currently the vast majority, thirty-five states, have refused to abolish the practice. When interviewed most of those who voted in favor cited the reasoning that putting a person to death is less expensive than housing and feeding a prisoner for life, but the research disagrees. With the cost of mandatory appeals, state appeals, federal appeals, habeas corpus appeals, combined with the cost of incarceration that each prisoner on death row requires,   the tax payer will pay 90,000 dollars more than on the average prisoner. In California alone the tax payer has paid 64,260,000 dollars every year for the 714 death row inmates fettered in the state. Since reinstating the death penalty in 1978, those same tax payers have spent 4.6 billion dollars on the practice (Arthur and Mitchell, p.1). While financial burden renders an obvious demerit against capital punishment, the moral repug nancy of the penalty weighs even more heavily on the mind. For arguably the first time in its history, the United States of America is looking at systemic racism built into the structure of its government. Bryan Stevenson, an attorney and clinical law professor at New York University, heads The Equal Justice Initiative, he recently proposed the following hypothetical in his renowned Ted Talk. Imagine that today Germany still implemented the death penalty, systemically putting people in gas chambers, and that predominately those who received the death penalty were disproportionately Jewish; there would be a global outcry. Yet still in the United States, the country which invented the concept of race based inherited slavery, the majority of those on death row are low income black men and the majority of those black men are executed in the states which once would have held them in bondage, and capital punishment is deemed appropriate (Stevenson, n.p.). In an attempt to move forward a country cannot simply unshackle its past and attempt to sprin t from its harrowed mistakes, people must actively work to remember and not continue the mores of the past. Starting most fervently in the court system which once upheld that very oppression. Throughout the history of the Supreme Court, fifty cases have been heard regarding capital punishment, working to make the law more constitutional and defined. Currently, the law states that the death penalty cannot be given to minors, cannot be given to the mentally retarded, and cannot be given with any racial bias present; but what has always been most debated is what the punishment can be given for. After several cases, the definition has been set that only those found guilty of premeditated murder can be dealt the penalty, the idea being a life for a life, or a soul for a soul. Still though, the death penalty is fifteen times as likely to be given if the victim of the crime is white than if the victim is black and currently seventy-five percent of those on death row are criminals who had white victims (Kleck, p. 783). When these statistics are placed beside each other, the question which is brought to the forefront of one’s mind is, â€Å"if the idea behind the death pen alty is a soul for a soul, how can a white person’s life be worth more than that of a person of color?† Capital punishment is an affront to the dignity of the human condition, an attack on what it means to have a human soul. From 1972 until 1976, capital punishment was deemed unconstitutional in the United States of America. Furmon v. Georgia was a Supreme Court Case which made the argument that there was a clear racial bias against William Henry Furman and that the death penalty as a whole was a violation of the Eighth Amendment’s cruel and unusual punishment clause because of its racial bias. This argument was accepted by five out of the nine justices on the court. By 1976, states worked to change the implementation of the death penalty so that it did not have as much of a bias and the Supreme Court Case Gregg v. Georgia stated that capital punishment was not a violation of the Eighth Amendment, and that it could be reinstated in some states (Schabas n.p.). In a sense, the United States has already created its own solution, it needs only to uphold its own laws, because today there is an obvious racial bias in death penalty sentencing. Capital punishment must be abolished because it violates the supreme law of the land. Democracy is an exchange, it is the notion that government is going to take longer than a monarchy or dictatorship and in response that government will reflect the will of its people. To the best of its ability, although often taking an obnoxious amount of time, a democracy will do its best to ameliorate the mistakes of the past. Following the internment of the Japanese (some 50 years later) the government paid back citizens who had lost business. Recognizing the issue of systemic oppression, the United States created affirmative action to help disenfranchised communities lift themselves out of poverty. What makes capital punishment such a sinister injustice is the fact that it is insurmountable. To quote the poet Langston Hughes, â€Å"I do not need my freedom when I am dead† if by some cruel misstep an innocent is put to death, capital punishment leaves no leeway for justice to triumph and correct mistakes. Capital Punishment attacks the very foundation of democracy and its abolishment is the first step towards a more fair and just society, where prisoners are not seen as problems to be discarded but citizens to be rehabilitated. Annotated Bibliography Ellsworth, Phoebe C., and Samuel R. Gross. â€Å"Hardening of the Attitudes: Americans Views on the Death Penalty.† Journal of Social Issues, vol. 50, no. 2, 1994, pp. 19–52., doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1994.tb02409.x. Gives a general sense of how the audience feels. The majority of Americans support the death penalty because they believe it will make their lives easier and safer. Helps me to understand that my opinion is in the minority. If I am to convince a majority of my peers it cannot be by simply appealing to their sense of morality and justice. Logos will also have to be relied on in this paper. It is a reliable source from a reliable scientific journal. â€Å"Race of Death Row Inmates Executed Since 1976.† Race of Death Row Inmates Executed Since 1976 | Death Penalty Information Center, NAACP-LDF Death Row USA (July 1, 2017), deathpenaltyinfo.org/race-death-row-inmates-executed-1976. Shows a clear correlation between the race of death row inmates and the race of their victims. If a victim is white the death penalty is more likely to be given than if the victim is of color. Using it to demonstrate the correlation. It also helps to make my title look really good so I like that. A reliable source of the NAACP, who have a vested interest in the race of death row inmates. To further their reliability their source is backed up by others. Stevenson, Bryan. â€Å"We need to talk about injustice.† Youtube, uploaded by TED, 5 March 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2tOp7OxyQ8. Bryan Stevenson give a TED Talk on how America must reimagine its standpoint on the death penalty and instead begin to think of how people can be â€Å"more than their worst moments.† He is working to end the death penalty in America and end life sentences for minors. I used the anecdote from his TED Talk to stress the injustice of racial profiling in the criminal justice system. Used to show how the United States history should be reason enough to end the penalty. Bryan Stevenson is a Harvard educated lawyer and New York University professor who is the founder of the equal justice initiative. He literally wrote the book on ending the death penalty. Judge Arthur L. Alarcà ³n and Paula M. Mitchell, Costs of Capital Punishment in California: Will Voters Choose Reform this November?, 46 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. S1 (2012). Shows that the beliefs of most Americans are uninformed. Shows the average cost of a prisoner on death row. More so though, it shows how much more expensive the cost of a prisoner on death row is than a regular prisoner. In my essay I use it to show that the death penalty should be abolished for no less selfish reason than that it costs too much. The sources are a Judge and Prosecutor, both of whom would be considered specialists in the field. Schabas The Abolition of the Death Penalty in International Law, Cambridge University Press, second edition, 1997. Tells the history of the death penalty in the United States. Also demonstrates the history of attempts to end the penalty. Allows me to have firmer grounding for my judiciary reason for capital punishment to end. Written by Cambridge University, a respected institute of higher learning and home to a world class law school.

The International Implications of Competitive Monetary Expansion and Assignment

The International Implications of Competitive Monetary Expansion and Currency Devaluation - Assignment Example It is important for the Indian economy to stabilize its currency in the long run to remain attractive for foreign investments. This can be achieved by direct intervention of Central Bank in the Forex market. Other efforts to stabilize the currency include liberalization of the interest rates and limiting intra-day limit of foreign dealers. Another way to boost the economy is to improve trade balance. This can be done by raising subvention for small and medium term exporters to increase the level of exports. Use of hedging strategies on part of the importers and exporters could minimize losses arising from the exchange rate. Also in respect to the Indian market, it has been observed that the depreciation of rupee has not been passed on to consumers, as majority of the items like, cooking gas, kerosene and fertilizer, are subsidized. Hence, removal of subsidies will help the government to pass the costs to people in order to discourage imports of these items. The fiscal deficit of the government is likely to reduce if higher price of energy is passed onto consumers, thereby bringing down the prices for energy imports. Finally, the government can create favorable environment in the country for the purpose of attracting FDI. FDI has been identified as a credential source of funding for most emerging countries like, India and China. Therefore, proactive liberalization of FDI in the Indian economy will be helpful in attracting investors. Enhancing freer investment in sectors, such as, retail, can help to draw in fresh investments in the economy. 13 Tapering monetary policy adopted by many developed nations is putting pressure on the emerging countries. On December 2013, the Federal Reserve Bank of the U.S.A. announced that it would begin to lower bond purchases by $10 million on a monthly basis. Since announcement of this news, the emerging economies began to feel weight of the probable consequences of this action. Possible

President Barack Obama, the war power, and executive orders Essay

President Barack Obama, the war power, and executive orders - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that executive orders are used by presidents to promote civil rights and in emboldening or discourage regulation by federal agencies. Both Presidents Barack Obama and President George W. Bush have observed that the executive order has progressively become a powerful political weapon. The executive order has been used in pushing through regulations and this may end up being a political worse crisis. President’s executive orders are derived from Article II, section 1 of the America constitution specifies that the president has the executive power "He shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed†. Executive orders in my perception are controversial because the through the executive order the president can make a major critical decision. The excises executive order by presidents run against the general logic of the constitution that says clearly that no one should have the power to act unilaterally. The executive order has a drawback for it undermines the trusted system of check and balance, giving rise to unjustifiable acts by the executive branch which may use it to safeguard their personal interests rather than national interests. For this reason, executive orders are considered too inappropriate in democratic and civilized country like the United States. Therefore, it is essential for the three arms of government to acts as a watchdog of each other thus enabling democracy to triumph without being hindered by the presidency through executive orders.

The Impact of Modernization on Socialization

The Impact of Modernization on Socialization A Leader is a person who guide and lead the team to success. As a leader, he or she must have a clear vision and vivid picture of where to go and a firm grasp on what success look like and how to achieve it. A leader must also be able to communicate with his or her follower on her vision and must be able to persuade them to buy into his or her idea. Moreover, he or she must also communicate passionately and clearly so that it can motivate them and direct them more efficient. Besides that, as a leader, he or she must have a responsibility on his or her follower and to make sure that all his or her follower share the common goal. Modernization is conceived in several ways. One of them is through an increased knowledge in science and technology, modernization as a process of change in the social structure and social system. Besides, it is also defined as a movement of transition from traditional society of religion, magic, and superstition to a modern and postmodern society. It is free from religious matrix and traditional norms. Furthermore, the West explains modernization as a process of mobilization, differentiation, industrialization, and secularization, which can reach high economic growth, stable democracy, and a capitalist economy. Modernization has brought to advance of human lifestyle and it makes human life easier. Modernization is not a temporal concept since the social keep on changing. It is a result of enlightenment which values reason, freedom and science, in relation to different aspects of society, so that modernization progress all the time. During modernization, there is universal education and increase of literacy. Democratization in political system and education has been achieved. There are also emergence of rationalization and bureaucratization in social organization of work. Socialization Socialization is conceived as a general process of gaining culture; anthropologists use the term enculturation for the process of being socialized to a particular culture. A human infant is born without any culture. Humans parents, teachers, friends and circumferences transform them into cultural and socially adept animals. Socialization helps people to learn the language of culture they are born, or the role they are to play in life. They will learn about the occupational roles that their society has store for them. For an example, boys learn how to be sons, brothers, friends, husbands, and fathers. During the socialization process, human learn to adopt their cultures norms, which mean the conceptions of appropriate and expected behavior that are held by most members of the society. There are two types of socialization, which are natural socialization and planned socialization. When infants and youngsters explore, play and discover the social world around them, it is called as natural socialization. Whereas when others take actions designed to teach or train people from infancy on, it is called as planned socialization. Both of these types of socialization can have good or bad features. Most people try to gain experience in life. This helps to influence their own socialization. The more we learn about the socialization process, the more effective we can be in managing our future learning in the ways that it will help us most. To gain uniformity within a society, there must be a successful socialization. People will share the same beliefs and expectations if all of them receive the same socialization. Discussion The Impact of Modernization on Socialization In the past, there was a bias between male and female, especially in China country. Males were provided educational chance when they are young. They could study in school meanwhile female are not allowed to study at all. In China before modernization, female are only allowed to do house chores and help around their family. Due to the socialization in the past, they are restricted them from getting the chance to expose themselves in education, business and politics. Besides, female are always being treated as servant or a baby producer. They have to obey what the male said. Furthermore, a female must listen to the male order and they are not allowed to fight back. Once she is born, she has to obey to her father. After married, she has to obey to her husband, then to her son. The changes of modernization has influence processes of socialization, such as learning how to think, how to feel, how to be acceptable, how to be moral and how to be masculine and feminine. This is because modernization had brought lots education opportunities and working opportunities thus women are allowed to work and pursue their own dream as during the industrialization, there is a sudden shortage of labor. Thus woman can join in the men and work independently. After the process of modernization, human think differently. They are more open minded and the bias in between male and female is dribble away. Females no longer listen to their father when choosing their husband who never meet up before. China nowadays is in progress. People pay full concern to their children; no matter they are male or female. Most of them embrace feminism. Female has already got an equal treat as male. Females are also having the chance to study in school. Most of the parents will sent their children, no matter boy or girl to learn extra acqierement, such as drawing, dancing and arts. There is also gender discrimination in India few decades ago. Female infanticide reflects the statement of low status accorded to women. It is proved by the most brutal and destructive action of anti-female bias that pervade patriarchal societies. The phenomena of sex-selective abortion, which targets female fetuses almost exclusively and neglect of girl children is appeared. According to John-Thor Dahlburg, In rural India, the centuries-old practice of female infanticide can still be considered a wise course of action. (Dahlburg, Where killing baby girls is no big sin,  The Los Angeles Times  [in  The Toronto Star, February 28, 1994.]) Based on census statistics, in 1901, there were 972 females for every 1000 males. In the year 1993, the gender imbalance has tilted to 929 females per 1000 males. In the nearly 300 poor hamlets of the Usilampatti area of Tamil Nadu, as many as 196 girls died under suspicious circumstances, such as fed dry, made swallow poisonous powdered fertili zer and smothered with a wet towel, strangled or allowed to starve to death. In India bias against females is still related to the fact that Sons are called upon to provide the income; they are the ones who do most of the work in the fields. Therefore, sons are looked as a type of insurance. This shows that, the high value given to males decreases the value given to females. (Marina Porras,  Female Infanticide and Foeticide.)  Furthermore, India is a heartland of sex-selective abortion. In 1974, Amniocentesis was introduced to ascertain birth defects in a sample population by medical entrepreneurs. So, a spate of sex-selective abortions was followed. Due to the modernization, the phenomena of bury baby have been banned by India. It becomes an illegal legislation. So, modernization has change peoples mindset from traditional to modern. Nowadays, the status of female is equally to male and people are starting to accept that female can also perform any job that a male can perform. Moreover as India become more and more modern, it affect the socialization so much that in the year 1971, India Prime Minister was a female name Indhira Gandhi. From here we can see that through modernization the social structure of the India was also starting to change. Modernization has changes in reshaping economic, political and social life. It is because it not only helps explain economic, social and political change, but it also provide most efforts at prediction. For example, tends to bring increasing urbanization, growing occupational specialization, and higher levels of formal education in any society that undertakes it (Lerner, 1958; Deutsch, 1964). Modernization linked to a wide range of other cultural changes. Although modernization syndrome of changes becomes probable but social change is not linear when societies move from an agrarian mode to an industrial mode. Women in Management is a current social issue. According to Jewell in 1977, the feminist movement, anti-sexual discrimination legislation, and predictions of shortages in managerial talent during the last decade have caused to increased pressure for more women participate in leadership roles during the 1970s. However, in 1978, Malabre said, the progress of integrating women into management positions has achieved limited success. A lot of people posit that women lack the leadership attributes and abilities required for managerial positions. Those holding this type of stereotypic view perceive women as ineffective leaders in jobs incongruent with females more traditionally passive sex role. (Bryce, 1970; Cecil, Paul, Olins, 1973; Hobart Harrick, 1977i Peters, Terborg, Jacobs 1974; Terborg et al., 1974). Bartols findings showed that leader behavior can be influenced by other factors than gender. Based on Lockheed and Hall (1976) studies, men emerged as leaders much more often than female, but there was no different in male and female leadership style. The Bales scoring technique, indicated that women releasing more tension and being more communicative, there was no significant difference between democratic and autocratic leader behavior patterns. Nowadays, women and men are equal, no matter where they are. The modernization process brings more job opportunities to human. Through this, women have more chances to exhibit their ability in working area. The limitation of women to be success is being narrow. It is because peoples mindsets have changed due to modernization towards socialization. Sex Differences and Inequality According to a study by Alice Eagly, from the Northwestern University in 2007, she say that there is a Psychology Prejudice against women as leader. She stated that woman is being perceived as nice, friendly, socially skilled meanwhile men are dominant, assertive (behavioral skill which is linked to self esteem and considered a important communication skill), tough-minded and take charge. Thus this had lead us to the term Glass Ceiling where woman is harasses and limit by the society on the job that they can do. Moreover, the term Glass Ceiling is also use to describe invisible barriers where minorities and women are prevented from advancing to the management position in organization and corporation. Moreover, if we see from the nature perspective, we can see that female is the weaker sex and male dominance is just a biological manifestation. For example, the body structure of a male is stronger than women thus man often takes up the job as a leader and protects women. Since ancient time, hunting and processing hard raw material as strictly male activities whereas female will just cook, wash clothes and do the entire house chore (Peggy Reeves Sanday). Besides that Murdock and Provost suggest that female is attached to the burden of household and burden for pregnancy and infant care. Thus female was left out and do not have the chance to become a leader. This make them to become and not born as a weaker sex due to the socialization in the past. In fact during the past few years, there is more and more female leader out there in the world. Feminism Feminism is a doctrine that women should have the same economic, social, and political equality with those of men. Feminism is distinguished between sex and gender. Sex, whether male and female, is about physical differences between sexes, while gender, whether masculine or feminine, is about characteristics of behavior, psychology or demeanor, which wished to claim are culturally constructed and conditioned and so ultimately arbitrary. The moral and political program of gender feminism was essentially to rescind gender differences. It makes men and women would end up living the same kinds of lives, doing the same kinds of things, and perhaps even  looking  pretty much the same in unisex grooming and clothing. According to F.Carolyn Graglia in 1998, housewives, not men, were the prey in feminisms sights when Kate Millett decreed in 1969 that the family must go. Feminists do not speak for traditional women. Men cannot know this, however, unless we tell them how we feel about them, our children, and our role in the home. Men must understand that our feelings towards them and our children are derided by feminists and have earned us their enmity. Whether or not this understanding garners mens support, traditional women must defend ourselves because the feminist offensive is, most essentially, a breach of solidarity with us, a disavowel of the obligation to honor the Womens Pact [that religious celibates, professional women, and homemakers respect each other] that women in the movement owed to us. Deborah Tannen have already explored an aspect of differences between males and females in her bestselling book You Just Dont Understand. This book is about how men and women use conversation in different ways. She said that men normally use conversation to build status, whereas women use it to establish closeness. Deborah Tannen does not commit herself to whether it caused of nature or socialization. She does not try to deal with it through moralistic exhortations to abolish it, but simply tries to promote understanding. She thinks that men actually do care about closeness, and women also do actually care about status. Female Leaders in World Throughout the years, there have been lots of woman holding a leader position around the globe. This shows that modernization had brought lots of change in the socialization around the world. Woman is not weak but some of them are bound to the socialization around the place they are born. The first example will be Angela Merkel. She was born on July 17,1954. She is the first female and current Chancellor of Germany. She is the also the president of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since April 10, 2000. Moreover, she is also the President of the European Council and chairperson of the G8 during 2007.G8 refer to group of eight where it is comprise of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and United State.G8 duty was to discuss issue of mutual or global concern. Their range of topic include, law enforcement, labor, health, social development, energy, economic, foreign affairs, justice and interior, terrorism and trade. Moreover, in the year 2008, she was awarded the Charlemagne Prize in 2008 for her contribution towards the European Union for the betterment she made. So from her we can see that modernization truly brought change in socialization. It made everyone has the equal chance to be a leader no matter their gender, race, or skin color. Moreover, for Angela Merkel, she is a truly remarkable icon for the female as she dares to stand up for herself and believe in the change she can bring for the society. The second female leader example will be Indira Gandhi who is the prime minister of India for 14 years (3 terms). She was the first female Prime Minister for India. Her father was Jawaharlal Nehru who was the first prime minister of India. She served as her father personal assistant unofficially before becoming the Prime Minister of India. After her father death, she was appointed as member of Rajya Sabha (Upper House) and appointed as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Finally with the help of the Congress Party President K. Kamaraj, she is able to win the election and finally won the seat as the Prime Minister of India. Moreover, during the year she led the country as Prime Minister, she had helped India to win a war against Pakistan in 1971 and managed to create the independent Bangladesh. Furthermore, her policy of Garibi Hatao (abolish poverty) was instrumental in her victory as well during the election. So from Indira Gandhi, we can see that even thought she is a wom an, she managed to be a good leader and even managed to lead India to win a war against Pakistan. This clearly show that female is no weak and they can be as good and strong as male. This had proven that male is not the smartest and strongest. So as long as female are given a chance, they might shine and be a good leader as well as a male can. Thus the quote by Vince Lombardi is significant which means Leaders are made and they are not born. They are made by hard effort which is the price that all of us must pay in order to achieve any goal that is worthwhile. Meanwhile in other field besides politic, we do have women who are also a leader. For example is Dr.Faust whose real name is Drew Gilpin Faust is being elected as the first woman president in Harvard University in the year 2007. Moreover, she was also the first dean for the Radcliffe Institute who guides it to change from a college to a wide-ranging institute for advanced study. In sports wise one of the most famous sportswomen is Billie Jean King who is a professional Tennis player who is known for the Battle of the Sexes in 1973. The battle of sexes was between Billie Jean King and Bobby Rigs who is the former Wimbledon mens single champion. As women, Billie Jean King managed to beat down Bobby Rigs and emerged as the victorious. Moreover, King became the first woman who managed to make more than $100,000 a year in tennis and was the Associated Presss Woman Athlete of the Year in 1967 and 1973. She was also the Sports Illustrateds Sportswoman of the year in 1972. Moreover, King is also the founder of the Women Sports Foundation, and the Women Tennis Association. Furthermore, King was also the first openly lesbian major sports figures when she came out in 1981. Besides that, the beating of the Bobby Rigs also helped to change the gender equality issue in sports and all the areas of public life. Thus in the year 2009, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by the President of United State Barrack Obama as her contribution had really helped the world to be a better place. Besides these female leader, there are still lots of female leader who are well known such as Benazir Bhutto who was the first female head of the Muslim country, Rosa Parks the civil right female leader who make racial segregation in United State illegal and Margaret Thatcher who is the Prime Minister in the Britain and manage to end the Cold War. From here we can see that female can also function and work well in the Political Aspect. Furthermore in the aspect of fashion design, we had Melinda Looi who is a purveyor of fine art and vintage chic. She won a scholarship to La Salle School of fashion in Montreal, Canada. In 1995, she was awarded Malaysia Young Designer Award in Kuala Lumpur which was also her graduation collection year. Today, Melinda Looi is one of the influential fashion designers who have also sets her design on her world. In the year 2000, Mellooi Creation was formed. It takes the designers creation to greater horizons while also strengthening the brand. Mellooi Cre ation Sdn Bhd has been formulated to further develop business opportunities in local and international markets. In sum, we can see that these women are important leader who have reached a great height and have change the world to a better place. They are competent, broad-minded, straightforward and efficient. They show out good judgments while being passionate about their vision too. So in future we hope that they will be more female leader out there to guide and bring the world to be a better place. Female Contribution in the Society There is numerous contribution of female in our society today. Without them, we may not be able to achieve what we had today. In medical field, we have the famous Dr. Janet Davidson Rowley, who discovered the first consistent chromosome translocation in a human cancer. Rowley is internationally renowned for her study in chromosome abnormalities in lymphoma and leukemia. Her discovery had led to the dramatically improved rates of survival for the previously incurable cancers and the development of targeted therapies. Besides Dr. Janet, we had Nancy Goodman Brinker who is the founder of Susan G.Komen for the cure. It is the world leading breast cancer grass root organization. The organization helps and invested over 1.3 million for research, health services and education since 1982. They had worked with breast cancer survivor and activist to save lives, ensure quality care, empower people and work hard in science and research to find cures. With her help, they had developed new treatment option and a higher chance of living for the breast cancer patient and long-term survivors. Meanwhile in the engineering or invention section, women had also provided lots of help and contribution. For example we had Mary Jane Montgomery who had made improvements in locomotive wheels in the year 1864 and apparatus for punching corrugated metals in the year 1866. Besides that, Evelyn F. French also helped to invent a sound-deadening attachment for railway cars in the year 1880. Meanwhile, Letitia Geer managed to develop the medical syringes in the year 1899. From here we can see that women also helped out in the engineering and invention section. Conclusion In conclusion, we do not agree with the statement that Male are smarter than female as through our research we found out that there are also female who is smarter and better leader than the male. The reason they cant be a leader is due to the gender discrimination at workplace as there is a Glass Ceiling that is preventing them from advancing. However, over the recent year due to modernization, women are starting to be conscious and know their role. They do not only stay in the house but started to work and fight for the management role with the male. This had clearly showed that modernization had clearly made an impact on socialization by changing the norm of society on how they perceive the female. Moreover, because the change in socialization, the female is starting to be more confident and believe that they too can be a great leader. Female can be a good leader no matter in what field as we can see from Indira Gandhi who led the nation to win against the war with Pakistan. From h ere we can see that female can take up any challenge or work that male may take and some of them may out beat the male. Moreover, over the recent year, more and more female are coming out to contest on political position or the corporation management position. Besides that, modernization is also bringing a stronger democracy where social systems will be more numerous and specialized and competition will be more and more prevalent. This will also make the socialization to change from time to time to follow up with the modern society need and requirement as the society will start to be more and more competitive regardless whether they are female or male.