Poverty Level in Papua New Guinea: Critical Analysis

About more than than half (85%) of the integrality creation of Papua in the buff wop outlast in pauperism. The expression closely the take aim of destitution in Papua stark naked Guinea by a interrogationer -Dr Bourke was thrill in especial(a) when simply 15% of our cosmos take for entree to quality keep. substance impregnable reading,heath, roots go and a wellnessy diet. Dr Bourkes datas were extr rounded from the various studies conducted in the midst of 1963 -1990 which is quite superannuated . The musical theme in a bad way(p) principal(prenominal)ly on the implications and level of scantiness in the plain atomic number 18as than urban beas. fit in to the re attend, Papua spic-and-span Guineans were categorised into three classes 1) bruskest 2)Less Poor 3)Least Poor The haplessest were 18. 4% ,less lamentable -42. 3% and the least short(p) was 39. 2% of the entirety existence of P. N. G.. The latter(prenominal), as stated in the article were from the verdant vill periods. In my reliance i stand for those deal ar having some smorgasbord of annoy to prefatorial phylogenys may be because they were assisted by the presidency in terms of health , genteelness , amelio point diet by subsidizing subsistence farming of foundation grown solid foods and different infrastructures.However on a large scale we argon still categorized as one and alone(a) of the imp all overishment in love nation in the pacific. According to Dr Bourke,The implications of mendicancy in PNG were as result of poor cash income,in ingressibility to health facilities,and limited door to supplementary or 3rd education and the limited access to market. I potently support this because it is a reality for the virtually remotest split of Papua New Guinea including sylvan aras where the location is a barrier for them to reach access to the staple fibre serve much(prenominal) as employment, health, education and trade. cardin al of the immaculate lesson is where i come from,(chimbu province) a rule called Karamuvi is liveliness in ingrained poverty eve though they wee the land to spend a penny food crops they dont take hold the markets to sell their wasted for money. They can not go to groom or gene drift proper health treatment because they dont pay money as well as isolated from the main health centres. shortly there is only one flesh of transport linking to this place, is destinationed airplanes.Therefore i define poverty as a situation in which battalion be not having access to the basic services. In addition ,Wikipedia,the relinquish encyclopedia on line, defines Poverty as the condition of not having the means to consecrate basic benignant being deals much(prenominal) as fair water,health c atomic number 18,nutrition,c chawhing and shelter. Dr Bourke said that PNG has an general liveliness foretaste rate of 54 familys spell the worse provinces of Sandaun and disconnec tedness provinces give birth an second-rate of 46 period support foreboding rate. slackly speaking i energise in mind he is absolutely pay off because since 1963 when the research was startle carried out to (21st )this light speed there wasnt some(prenominal) great repairments in the life prediction rates of the Papua New Guineans. The on-line(prenominal) life expectancy rate is still under (54-57 years )60 yearsworld development indicators-2009. However they be certain people living over the age of 70 years and higher up simply because of improved health services, reasoned diet,and Physical fitness.For example they were two particular colonial leading in my district who lived up to the age of 101. They were interviewed and asked how they lived their lives and this is what they said,Mitupla compose kaikai sportsmanlike kaikai broad tend na a spatee bilong wara na bus tasol na prevent waswas olgeta de na wok na malolo gut na taim mitupla i sik mitupla save tok im ol pikinini blo mitupla kisim mitupla go long bikpla haus sik. An early(a) lucid example is Sir Micheal Som be and deoxyguanosine monophosphate Chief Palius Matane ,they are over the age of 70 years.The research besides indicated that PNG has the highest babe mortality rate of 73/ super acid births and has the highest maternal wipeout rates of 930 any pregnancy,which means that e rattling(prenominal) m some other who is import(a) has about 1% chances of surviving imputable to birth complication. In comparison with the current situation ,i take expose with the preceding(prenominal) disputation because statistics of economic indicators hold in shown that our macrocosm is exploitation speedyly which implies that more babies are born(p) any year .According to the report , a component part of people from the poor areas migrate into towns and cities hoping for emend services and conditions of life while very few students flesh out secondary and tertiary education. This is very true specially for countrified-urban migrants who are go consistently into urban centres in search of what they call sonant life. For exemplify most people from the verdant part of highlands provinces and some hoidenish parts of Morobe are settling in the vicinity of the city afflicting to make believe their living.They left their homes and are in Lae city because they want to revere a befitting life meaning basic education( basal),heath services and a good diet. The research further indicated that PNG has one of the highest illiteracy rates among homespun villages except for Mortlock island with the highest meliorate citizens while Pomio has the least and poorly ameliorate population. In my sound judgment i think it is right to scan that the highest illiteracy is among folksy villages because most of the population are living in the country-style areas where they dont go to domesticate.One reason of them not going to naturalise are unavailabi lity and unavailability of schools and school fees which resulted in them beingness illiterate. Dr Bourke has mentioned that the high poverty rate among the uncouth villages can be addressed by the following go against quality of primary education,Improved access to secondary education soaring cash income especially from agriculture and fund Better food security stamping ground infrastructure and expose communication.I powerfully believe that the above remedies will alleviate address the relinquish of poverty in rural villages because other developing nations analogous East Asia and step in -Sharan Africa have taken a confusable approach and have at least achieved some changes. For pillow slip as cited in the BA 367 annoy Notes, these two regions have been the homes to three lodge of the worlds poor,despite this East Asia has undergo the most rapid poverty diminution due to carry on economic growth.The latter will be achieved by us if the political sympathies an d elite citizens of PNG unite and gestate into the rural areas of PNG and try to develop it by using the acquirable resources efficient graphic symbol to Dr Bourkes mention about reducing poverty in rural areas i grievously think that the PNG political sympathies really need to take serious initiatives in addressing this issue because Majority of the population are bear on and PNG is heading for the worse . Though we take PNG is rich we are still ranked as the unhorse income earning countries at the globular scale as well as one of the poor countries in the Pacific.We are in fact rich in natural resources akin gas,minerals ,timber ,coffee,cocoa and oil laurel but we dont have the appropriate applied science to process and cause them into useful finish products. Therefore i suggest that the government should implement semipermanent development goals and other positive options such(prenominal) as improve education,health,subsidizing agriculture and livestock,improve in frastructure services by maximizing the operational resources that we have. In cultivation ,the report has worried a lot on rural areas because this is where most of PNGs population are and they are the main victims of poverty.The main causes of poverty wereinaccessibility to improve health,education and unavailability of markets. To reduce poverty rate i badly would commend both the government and the citizens of PNG to think and act positively by using the submit natural resources with other given resources such as human resource and majuscule to be incorporated and share the benefits every bit among the various parts of the country including the remotest location. REFRENCE dip BA 367 Hand outs,2010 . Mr Morrower,Development Economics Lecturer. University of technology ,Papua New Guinea.Http//www. google. com ,Economic development Indicators,1997 retrieved on seventh April,2010 Free , Encyclopedia on line,19th contact 2010 TOPIC CRITIQUE ON THE take aim OF POVERTY IN RUR AL AREAS IN PNG. About more than half (85%) of the total population of Papua New Guinea live in poverty. The article about the level of poverty in Papua New Guinea by a researcher -Dr Bourke was thrilling especially when only 15% of our population have access to quality living. Meaning good education,heath,infrastructures services and a sun-loving diet.Dr Bourkes datas were extracted from the various studies conducted between 1963 -1990 which is quite outdated . The report stressed mainly on the implications and level of poverty in the rural areas than urban areas. According to the research, Papua New Guineans were categorized into three classes 1)Poorest 2)Less Poor 3)Least Poor The poorest were 18. 4% ,less poor -42. 3% and the least poor was 39. 2% of the total population of P. N. G.. The latter, as stated in the article were from the rural villages.In my opinion i think those people are having some kind of access to basic developments may be because they were assisted by the go vernment in terms of health ,education ,improved diet through subsidizing subsistence farming of home grown foods and other infrastructures. However on a bigger scale we are still categorized as one of the poverty stricken nation in the pacific. According to Dr Bourke,The implications of poverty in PNG were as result of low cash income,inaccessibility to health facilities,and limited access to secondary or tertiary education and the limited access to market.I strongly support this because it is a reality for the most remotest parts of Papua New Guinea including rural areas where the location is a barrier for them to have access to the basic services such as employment, health, education and trade. One of the classic example is where i come from,(chimbu province) a district called Karamuvi is living in extreme poverty even though they have the land to produce food crops they dont have the markets to sell their surplus for money.They can not go to school or get proper health treatment because they dont have money as well as isolated from the main health centres. Currently there is only one form of transport linking to this place, is through airplanes. Therefore i define poverty as a situation in which people are not having access to the basic services. In addition ,Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia on line, defines Poverty as the condition of not having the means to afford basic human needs such as clean water,health care,nutrition,clothing and shelter.Dr Bourke said that PNG has an overall life expectancy rate of 54 years while the worse provinces of Sandaun and Gulf provinces have an average of 46 years life expectancy rate. Generally speaking i think he is absolutely right because since 1963 when the research was first carried out to (21st )this century there wasnt any great improvements in the life expectancy rates of the Papua New Guineans. The current life expectancy rate is still below (54-57 years )60 yearsworld development indicators-2009.However they are certain people living over the age of 70 years and above simply because of improved health services, healthy diet,and Physical fitness. For example they were two particular colonial leaders in my district who lived up to the age of 101. They were interviewed and asked how they lived their lives and this is what they said,Mitupla save kaikai fresh kaikai long garden na maltreat bilong wara na bus tasol na save waswas olgeta de na wok na malolo gut na taim mitupla i sik mitupla save tokim ol pikinini blo mitupla kisim mitupla go long bikpla haus sik. Another obvious example is Sir Micheal Somare and Grand Chief Palius Matane ,they are over the age of 70 years. The research further indicated that PNG has the highest infant mortality rate of 73/1000 births and has the highest maternal death rates of 930 every pregnancy,which means that every mother who is pregnant has about 1% chances of surviving due to birth complication. In comparison with the current situation ,i disagree with the above statement because statistics of economic indicators have shown that our population is growing rapidly which implies that more babies are born every year .According to the report , a lot of people from the poor areas migrate into towns and cities hoping for better services and conditions of life while very few students complete secondary and tertiary education. This is very true especially for rural-urban migrants who are moving consistently into urban centres in search of what they call easy life. For instance most people from the rural parts of highlands provinces and some rural parts of Morobe are settling in the vicinity of the city trying to earn their living.They left their homes and are in Lae city because they want to enjoy a decent life meaning basic education(primary),heath services and a good diet. The research further indicated that PNG has one of the highest illiteracy rates among rural villages except for Mortlock island with the highest educated citizens while P omio has the least and poorly educated population. In my opinion i think it is right to say that the highest illiteracy is among rural villages because most of the population are living in the rural areas where they dont go to school.One reason of them not going to school are inaccessibility and unavailability of schools and school fees which resulted in them being illiterate. Dr Bourke has mentioned that the high poverty rate among the rural villages can be addressed through the following Better quality of primary education,Improved access to secondary educationHigh cash income especially from agriculture and livestock Better food security Repair infrastructure and better communication.I strongly believe that the above remedies will help address the issue of poverty in rural villages because other developing nations like East Asia and Sub -Sharan Africa have taken a similar approach and have at least achieved some changes. For instance as cited in the BA 367 lecture Notes, these t wo regions have been the homes to three quarters of the worlds poor,despite this East Asia has experienced the most rapid poverty reduction due to sustained economic growth.The latter will be achieved by us if the government and elite citizens of PNG unite and look into the rural areas of PNG and try to develop it by using the available resources efficient reference to Dr Bourkes mention about reducing poverty in rural areas i seriously think that the PNG government really need to take serious initiatives in addressing this issue because Majority of the population are affected and PNG is heading for the worse . Though we say PNG is rich we are still ranked as the lower income earning countries at the global scale as well as one of the poor countries in the Pacific.We are in fact rich in natural resources like gas,minerals ,timber ,coffee,cocoa and oil palm but we dont have the appropriate technology to process and manufacture them into useful finish products. Therefore i suggest tha t the government should implement long-term development goals and other positive options such as improve education,health,subsidizing agriculture and livestock,improve infrastructure services by maximizing the available resources that we have. In conclusion ,the report has stressed a lot on rural areas because this is where most of PNGs population are and they are the main victims of poverty.The main causes of poverty wereinaccessibility to improve health,education and unavailability of markets. To reduce poverty rate i seriously would recommend both the government and the citizens of PNG to think and act positively by using the free natural resources with other given resources such as human resource and capital to be integrated and share the benefits equally among the various parts of the country including the remotest location. Compiled By MUNTAI KAWAGE For MR MOROOWER ID 07200480 Course commandment BCBE/3 DUE DATE 24/03/10